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Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

vitamin toxicity easier for fat soluble or water soluble vitamins?

A

fat soluble b/c they accumulate in fat

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2
Q

water soluble vitamins storage

A

all wash out easily from body except vitB12 & folate (stored in liver)

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3
Q

B complex deficiencies symptoms

A

dermatitis, glossitis, diarrhea

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4
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12, C

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5
Q

antioxidant, in liver & leafy veggies, makes up visual pigments, differentiation of epithel cells, prevents squamous metaplasia

A

vitA (retinol)

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6
Q

nyctalopia, xerosis cutis (dry skin), keratomalacia (corneal degeneration), bitot spots, immunosuppression

A

vitA (retinol) deficiency

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7
Q

vitA used to treat…

A

measles, AML M3, wrinkles, acne

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8
Q

alopecia, dry skin, hepatotoxic, arthralgias, pseudotumor cerebri, teratogen

A

chronic vitA toxicity

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9
Q

cofactor for dehydrogenase reactions - pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, transketolase, branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase

A

vitB1 (thiamine)

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10
Q

impaired glucose breakdown - ATP depletion, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, beriberi, assoc with alcoholism & malnutrition

A

vitB1 (thiamine) deficiency

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11
Q

confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia = classic triad
+ confabulation, personality change, memory loss
damage to med dorsal nucleus of thalamus & mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (vitB1 thiamine deficiency)

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12
Q

polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting

A

dry beriberi (vitB1 thiamine deficiency)

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13
Q

high output cardiac failure (dilated), edema

A

wet beriberi (vitB1 thiamine deficiency)

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14
Q

component of flavins FAD and FMN, used as cofactors in redox reactions (ie. succinate dehydrogenase rxn in TCA)

A

vitB2 (riboflavin)

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15
Q

cheilosis, corneal vascularization

A

vitB2 riboflavin deficiency

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16
Q

constituent of NAD+, NADP+ used in redox reactions, derived from tryptophan, requires vitB2 & B6, used to tx dyslipidemia, lowers VLDL, raises HDL

A

vit B3 (niacin)

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17
Q

glossitis, pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis C3-C4 dermatome broad collar rash, dementia, hyperpigmentation)

A

vitB3 niacin deficiency

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18
Q

causes of pellagra

A 
Hartnup disease (low tryptophan absorption)
Malignant carcinoid syndrome (high tryptophan metab)
isoniazid (low vitB6)
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19
Q

facial flushing (induced by PG’s) which can be avoided by taking ASA, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia

A

vitB3 niacin excess

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20
Q

component of CoA (cofactor for acyl transfers) & fatty acid synthase

A

vitB5 pantothenic acid

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21
Q

dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency

A

vitB5 pantothenic acid deficiency

22
Q

converted to pyridoxal phosphate, a cofactor used in transamination (ALT, AST), decarboxylation, glycogen phosphorylase
synth of cystathionine, heme, niacin, histamine, serotonin, epi, norepi, DA, GABA

A

vit B6 pyridoxine

23
Q

convulsions, hyperirritability, periph neuropathy, sideroblastic anemias

A

vitB6 pyridoxine

can be induced by isoniazid, OCPs, Fe excess

24
Q

cofactor for carboyxlation enzymes: pyruvate carboxylase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, propionyl CoA carboxylase

A

vitB7 biotin

25
dermatitis, alopecia, enteritis | caused by antibiotic use or excess ingestion raw egg whites
vitB7 biotin deficiency
26
converted to THF (a coenzyme for 1C transfer/methylation reactions) important for synth of N bases in DNA/RNA in leafy greens, absorbed in jejunum, small reserve pool in liver
vitB9 folate
27
macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia; hyperseg neutro, glossitis, no neurol, high homocysteine, normal MMA assoc with alcoholism & pregnancy, phenytoin, sulfonamides, methotrexate, neural tube defect in baby
vitB9 folate deficiency
28
cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase (transfers CH3 groups as methylcobalamin) and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase in animal products, synth only by microorganisms, large reserve pool in liver
vitB12 cobalamin
29
macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia; hyperseg neutro, paresthesias, subacute combined degen (dorsal column, LCST, spinocerebellar) from abnormal myelin high homocysteine, high MMA assoc with D. latum, sprue, pernicious anemia (anti intrinsic factor Ab), Crohn's
vitB12 cobalamin deficiency
30
anti oxidant, facilitates Fe absorption by reducing to Fe+2 state, needed for hydroxylation of proline & lysine (collagen synth), needed for DA beta hydroxylase (converts DA to NE) in fruits/veggies
vitC ascorbic acid
31
used to tx methemoglobinemia by reducing Fe3+
vitC ascorbic acid
32
swollen gums, bruising, petechiae, hemarthrosis, anemia, poor wound healing, perifollicular & subperiosteal hemorrhage, corkscrew hair, weak immunity
scurvy: vitC ascorbic acid deficiency
33
n/v/d, fatigue, Ca oxalate nephrolithiasis, incr risk of Fe toxicity in predisposed
excess vitC ascorbic acid
34
ergocalciferol ingested from plants
vitD2
35
cholecalciferol consumed in milk, formed in sun exposed skin (stratum basale)
vitD3
36
25-OH D3
storage form
37
1, 25-(OH)2D3 calcitriol
active form (kidney)
38
increases intestinal absorption of Ca & phosphate, increases bone mineralization
vitD
39
rickets in kids, osteomalacia in adults, hypoCa tetany, breastmilk, low sun exposure, pigmented skin, prematurity
vitD deficiency
40
hyperCa, hypercalciuria, loss of appetite, stupor | seen in granulomatous disease (incr activ of vitD by epithelioid macrophages)
vitD excess
41
antioxidant that protects RBCs & membranes from free radical damage can enhance anti coag effects of warfarin
vitE tocopherol/tocotrienol
42
hemolytic anemia, acanthocytosis, m weakness, post column & spinocerebellar tract demyelination
vitE tocopherol/tocotrienol deficiency
43
cofactor for gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues on proteins needed for blood clotting (factors 2, 7, 9, 10, protein C &S), synth by intestinal flora
vitK phytomenadione, phylloquinone, phytonadione
44
neonatal hemorrhage with high PT & aPTT but normal bleeding time
vitK phytomenadione, phylloquinone, phytonadione deficiency
45
mineral needed for activity of many enzymes | forms zinc fingers (TF motif)
zinc
46
delayed wound healing, hypogonadism, little adult hair, dysgeusia (distorted sense of taste), anosmia, acrodermatitis enteropathica may predispose to alcoholic cirrhosis
zinc deficiency
47
protein malnutrition - skin lesions, edema (low plasma oncotic pressure), liver fatty change (low apo), swollen abdomen
Kwashiorkor
48
total calorie malnutrition - tissue + muscle wasting, loss of subQ fat, variable edema
marasmus
49
inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase | antidote for methanol/ethylene glycol poisoning
fomepizole
50
inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase - acetaldehyde accumulates - hangover symptoms
disulfiram

Boards Biochem (6 decks)

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