Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Boards Biochem > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

vitamin toxicity easier for fat soluble or water soluble vitamins?

A

fat soluble b/c they accumulate in fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

water soluble vitamins storage

A

all wash out easily from body except vitB12 & folate (stored in liver)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

B complex deficiencies symptoms

A

dermatitis, glossitis, diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12, C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

antioxidant, in liver & leafy veggies, makes up visual pigments, differentiation of epithel cells, prevents squamous metaplasia

A

vitA (retinol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

nyctalopia, xerosis cutis (dry skin), keratomalacia (corneal degeneration), bitot spots, immunosuppression

A

vitA (retinol) deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

vitA used to treat…

A

measles, AML M3, wrinkles, acne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

alopecia, dry skin, hepatotoxic, arthralgias, pseudotumor cerebri, teratogen

A

chronic vitA toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cofactor for dehydrogenase reactions - pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, transketolase, branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase

A

vitB1 (thiamine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

impaired glucose breakdown - ATP depletion, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, beriberi, assoc with alcoholism & malnutrition

A

vitB1 (thiamine) deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia = classic triad
+ confabulation, personality change, memory loss
damage to med dorsal nucleus of thalamus & mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (vitB1 thiamine deficiency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting

A

dry beriberi (vitB1 thiamine deficiency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

high output cardiac failure (dilated), edema

A

wet beriberi (vitB1 thiamine deficiency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

component of flavins FAD and FMN, used as cofactors in redox reactions (ie. succinate dehydrogenase rxn in TCA)

A

vitB2 (riboflavin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cheilosis, corneal vascularization

A

vitB2 riboflavin deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

constituent of NAD+, NADP+ used in redox reactions, derived from tryptophan, requires vitB2 & B6, used to tx dyslipidemia, lowers VLDL, raises HDL

A

vit B3 (niacin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

glossitis, pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis C3-C4 dermatome broad collar rash, dementia, hyperpigmentation)

A

vitB3 niacin deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

causes of pellagra

A 
Hartnup disease (low tryptophan absorption)
Malignant carcinoid syndrome (high tryptophan metab)
isoniazid (low vitB6)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

facial flushing (induced by PG’s) which can be avoided by taking ASA, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia

A

vitB3 niacin excess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

component of CoA (cofactor for acyl transfers) & fatty acid synthase

A

vitB5 pantothenic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency

A

vitB5 pantothenic acid deficiency

22
Q

converted to pyridoxal phosphate, a cofactor used in transamination (ALT, AST), decarboxylation, glycogen phosphorylase
synth of cystathionine, heme, niacin, histamine, serotonin, epi, norepi, DA, GABA

A

vit B6 pyridoxine

23
Q

convulsions, hyperirritability, periph neuropathy, sideroblastic anemias

A

vitB6 pyridoxine

can be induced by isoniazid, OCPs, Fe excess

24
Q

cofactor for carboyxlation enzymes: pyruvate carboxylase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, propionyl CoA carboxylase

A

vitB7 biotin

25
Q

dermatitis, alopecia, enteritis

caused by antibiotic use or excess ingestion raw egg whites

A

vitB7 biotin deficiency

26
Q

converted to THF (a coenzyme for 1C transfer/methylation reactions)
important for synth of N bases in DNA/RNA
in leafy greens, absorbed in jejunum, small reserve pool in liver

A

vitB9 folate

27
Q

macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia; hyperseg neutro, glossitis, no neurol, high homocysteine, normal MMA
assoc with alcoholism & pregnancy, phenytoin, sulfonamides, methotrexate, neural tube defect in baby

A

vitB9 folate deficiency

28
Q

cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase (transfers CH3 groups as methylcobalamin) and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
in animal products, synth only by microorganisms, large reserve pool in liver

A

vitB12 cobalamin

29
Q

macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia; hyperseg neutro, paresthesias, subacute combined degen (dorsal column, LCST, spinocerebellar) from abnormal myelin
high homocysteine, high MMA
assoc with D. latum, sprue, pernicious anemia (anti intrinsic factor Ab), Crohn’s

A

vitB12 cobalamin deficiency

30
Q

anti oxidant, facilitates Fe absorption by reducing to Fe+2 state, needed for hydroxylation of proline & lysine (collagen synth), needed for DA beta hydroxylase (converts DA to NE)
in fruits/veggies

A

vitC ascorbic acid

31
Q

used to tx methemoglobinemia by reducing Fe3+

A

vitC ascorbic acid

32
Q

swollen gums, bruising, petechiae, hemarthrosis, anemia, poor wound healing, perifollicular & subperiosteal hemorrhage, corkscrew hair, weak immunity

A

scurvy: vitC ascorbic acid deficiency

33
Q

n/v/d, fatigue, Ca oxalate nephrolithiasis, incr risk of Fe toxicity in predisposed

A

excess vitC ascorbic acid

34
Q

ergocalciferol ingested from plants

A

vitD2

35
Q

cholecalciferol consumed in milk, formed in sun exposed skin (stratum basale)

A

vitD3

36
Q

25-OH D3

A

storage form

37
Q

1, 25-(OH)2D3 calcitriol

A

active form (kidney)

38
Q

increases intestinal absorption of Ca & phosphate, increases bone mineralization

A

vitD

39
Q

rickets in kids, osteomalacia in adults, hypoCa tetany, breastmilk, low sun exposure, pigmented skin, prematurity

A

vitD deficiency

40
Q

hyperCa, hypercalciuria, loss of appetite, stupor

seen in granulomatous disease (incr activ of vitD by epithelioid macrophages)

A

vitD excess

41
Q

antioxidant that protects RBCs & membranes from free radical damage
can enhance anti coag effects of warfarin

A

vitE tocopherol/tocotrienol

42
Q

hemolytic anemia, acanthocytosis, m weakness, post column & spinocerebellar tract demyelination

A

vitE tocopherol/tocotrienol deficiency

43
Q

cofactor for gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues on proteins needed for blood clotting (factors 2, 7, 9, 10, protein C &S), synth by intestinal flora

A

vitK phytomenadione, phylloquinone, phytonadione

44
Q

neonatal hemorrhage with high PT & aPTT but normal bleeding time

A

vitK phytomenadione, phylloquinone, phytonadione deficiency

45
Q

mineral needed for activity of many enzymes

forms zinc fingers (TF motif)

A

zinc

46
Q

delayed wound healing, hypogonadism, little adult hair, dysgeusia (distorted sense of taste), anosmia, acrodermatitis enteropathica
may predispose to alcoholic cirrhosis

A

zinc deficiency

47
Q

protein malnutrition - skin lesions, edema (low plasma oncotic pressure), liver fatty change (low apo), swollen abdomen

A

Kwashiorkor

48
Q

total calorie malnutrition - tissue + muscle wasting, loss of subQ fat, variable edema

A

marasmus

49
Q

inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase

antidote for methanol/ethylene glycol poisoning

A

fomepizole

50
Q

inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase - acetaldehyde accumulates - hangover symptoms

A

disulfiram

Boards Biochem (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions