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Boards Biochem > Cellular > Flashcards

Cellular Flashcards

1
Q

regulatory proteins that control cell cycle events
phase specific
activate CDKs

A

cyclins

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2
Q

phosphorylates other proteins to coordinate cell cycle progression
must be activated/inactivated at approp times

A

cyclin-CDK complexes

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3
Q

p53 & hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma which normally inhibit G1 to S transition

A

tumor suppressor genes

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4
Q

permanent cells in G0 that regenerate only from stem cells

A

neurons, skel m, cardiac m, RBCs

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5
Q

stable quiescent cells that enter G1 when stimulated

A

hepatocytes

lymphocytes

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6
Q

labile cells that never enter G0 with short G1

A

bone marrow, gut epithel, skin, hair follicles, germ cells

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7
Q

site of secretory protein synth & N linked oligosaccharide addition to proteins

A

RER

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8
Q

synthesize peptide NT’s for secretion

A

nissl bodies (RER in neurons)

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9
Q

site of synth of cytosolic & organellar proteins

A

free ribosomes

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10
Q

site of steroid synth & detox of drugs/poisons

A

smooth ER

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11
Q

cell types rich in smooth ER

A

liver hepatocytes

steroid hormone producing cells of adrenal cortex & gonads

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12
Q

modifies N oligosaccharides on asparagine, adds O oligosaccharides on serine & threonine, adds mannose 6 phosphate to proteins to traffic to lysosome

A

golgi distribution center for proteins & lipids from ER to vesicles & p.m.

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13
Q

inherited defect in N-acetylglucosaminyl-1-phosphotransferase causing failure of golgi to phosphorylate mannose residues - causes proteins to be secreted extracellularly instead of to lysosomes - course facial features, clouded corneas, restricted joint movement, high level lysosomal enzymes

A

I-cell disease (inclusion cell disease)

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14
Q

cytosolic ribonucleoprotein that traffics proteins from ribosome to RER
if absent, causes proteins to build up in cytosol

A

signal recognition particle

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15
Q

leads things from golgi to golgi (retrograde) or from cis-golgi (side opp. p.m.) to ER

A

vesicular trafficking protein COPI

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16
Q

leads things from ER to cis golgi (anterograde)

A

vesicular trafficking protein COPII

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17
Q

leads things from trans golgi to lysosomes

or leads things from p.m. to endosomes (receptor mediated endocytosis ie. LDL receptors)

A

vesicular trafficking protein clathrin

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18
Q

organelle that catabolizes VLCFA, branched chain FA, a.a.

A

peroxisomes

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19
Q

protein complex that degrades damaged/ubiquinated proteins

A

proteasome

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20
Q

vimentin immunohistochem stain for intm filaments

A

in connective tissue

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21
Q

desmin immunohistochem stain for intm filaments

A

muscle

22
Q

GFAP immunohistochem stain for intm filaments

A

neuroglia

23
Q

molecular motor protein that moves retrograde to microtubule (pos to neg)

A

dynein

24
Q

molecular motor protein that moves anterograde to microtubule (neg to pos)

A

kinesin

25
Q

drugs that act on microtubules

‘Microtubules Get Constructed Very Poorly’

A

Mebendazole, Griseofulvin, Colchicine, Vincristine/vinblastine, Paclitaxel

26
Q

ATPase that links peripheral 9 doublets and causes bending of cilium by differential sliding of doublets

A

axonemal dynein

27
Q

immotile cilia d/t dynein arm defect - M/F infertility, high risk ectopic pregnancy, bronchiectasis, recurrent sinusitis, situs inversus

A

Kartagener syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia)

28
Q

ergosterol

A

in fungal plasma membranes

29
Q

Na/K pump ion movements

A

1 ATP - 3 Na+ exit cell and 2K+ enter cell

30
Q

inhibits Na/K pump by binding K+ site

A

Ouabain

31
Q

drugs that directly inhib Na/K pump which inhib Na/Ca exchange - increases intracell Ca - increases cardiac contractility

A

Cardiac glycosides: digoxin, digitoxin

32
Q

type I collagen

A

bone, skin, tendon, dentin, fascia, cornea, late wound repair
‘type one = bONE’

33
Q

type II collagen

A

cartilage, vitreous body, nucleus pulposus

‘carTWOlage’

34
Q

type III collagen

A

reticulin: skin, blood vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue
deficient in vascular subtype Ehlers Danlos

35
Q

type IV collagen

A

basement membrane, basal lamina, lens

‘type 4 under the floor’

36
Q

defective collagen type in Alport syndrome

A

type IV collagen

37
Q

where does synthesis, hydroxylation, glycosylation of collagen occur in the cell?

A

inside fibroblast RER

38
Q

preprocollagen content

A

Gly-X-Y where X & Y are proline or lysine

39
Q

vitC

A

hydroxylates proline & lysine residues

deficiency of vitC = scurvy

40
Q

glycosylation of pro alpha chain hydroxylysine residues forms _____ via hydrogen & disulfide bonds

A

triple helix of 3 collagen alpha chains = procollagen

41
Q

problems forming triple collagen helix via glycosylation

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

42
Q

cleavage of disulfide terminal regions of procollagen forms…

A

tropocollagen (outside of fibroblast)

43
Q

covalent lysine-hydroxylysine cross linkage by lysyl oxidase makes

A

collagen fibrils

44
Q

problems with cross linking of tropocollagens causes

A

Ehlers Danlos & Menkes disease

45
Q

auto dominant decreased production of type I collagen, blue sclera, hearing loss, dental abnormalities

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

46
Q

auto dom or recessive
assoc with joint dislocation, berry aneurysm, organ rupture
hyperextensible skin, bleeding tendency, hypermobile joints

A

Ehlers Danlos syndrome
classical type is mutated type V collagen
vascular type is mutated type 3 collagen

47
Q

X linked recessive CT disease from impaired copper absorption/transport d/t defective menkes protein ____

A

ATP7A

48
Q

low activity of lysyl oxidase of which copper is a necessary cofactor causing brittle, kinky hair + growth retardation + hypotonia

A

Menkes disease

49
Q

rich in non hydroxylated proline, glycine, lysine residues (before collagen synthesis)
tropoelastin with fibrillin scaffolding
extracellul cross linking

A

elastin

50
Q

defect in fibrillin (glycoprotein that forms sheath around elastin)

A

Marfan’s

51
Q

alpha 1 anti trypsin function

A

inhibits elastase activity from breaking down too much elastin
(deficiency of this enzyme causes emphysema)

Boards Biochem (6 decks)

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