Nutrition Flashcards
Adaptations for nutrition
What is hermaphrodite?
Something that contains both male and female organs within the same section.
What is an obligate parasite?
Organisms that can only exist as a parasite.
What is mutualism?
A close association of organisms from more than one species, providing benefit to both.
What is a parasite?
An organism that obtains its nutrition from living in or on a host, which is harmed.
What are facultative parasites?
Organisms which can obtain nutrients as parasites or saprotrophs.
What is a rumen?
A chamber in the gut of ruminant herbivores, in which mutualistic microbes digest complex polysaccharides.
Where are Villi present?
In the duodenum and ileum.
What are the sites of mechanical breakdown of food?
Mouth and stomach
What connects to the bile duct?
The duodenum
Where do microorganisms secrete vitamins?
Large intestine
Where does carbohydrate digestion take place?
Mouth, duodenum and ileum
Where is the pH 2-3?
In the stomach
Where are the brunners glands?
In the duodenum
What do the brunners glands do?
Secrete alkaline fluid
Where is the main region of water absorption?
Large intestine
Where does protein digestion begin?
In the stomach
What is autotrophic nutrition?
Where green plants make their own complex organic material by photosynthesis.
What heterotrophic nutrition?
When organisms consume ready-made food.
What are holozoic feeders?
Organisms that take food into their bodies and break it down by process of digestion.
What are saprophytes?
Organisms that feed on decaying matter.
What is ingestion?
The intake of food into the mouth.
What is peristalsis?
Alternating contraction and relaxation of gut muscles.
What is digestion?
The breakdown of large molecules into small soluble molecules by enzymes.
What is absorption?
The passage of digested food through the gut wall into the blood.
