Nutrition Flashcards
Breastmilk
- well absorbed
- contains amino acids & fatty acids
- bioavailable
- GI promotion
- immune promotion
- economic advantages
Rule of 4s (for breastmilk)
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- 4 hours at room temperature
- 4 days in the fridge
- 24 hours in the freezer
Infant Nutrition
-
Fluid requirements are 140-
160 mL/kg/day - High metabolic rate
- 50% of calories from fat
- breastmilk is recommended
Weaning off breastmilk
Occurs around 8-9 months
- By 1 year should be able to drink from a sippy cup
- can be emotional for mother & baby
Complementary Foods
Introduce around 6 months
- infant should be able to sit up & turn away when full
- Veggies, fruits, meats, finger foods
Toddler Nutrition
- metabolic rate slows
- “picky eaters”
- one tablespoon of each food per year of age
- whole milk until 2 years, then 2%
- 4-6 oz of fruit juice daily
- sit in high chair to minimize choking
School Age Nutrition
Nutritional needs increase from growth spurt
- may be resistant to new foods
- encourage choices
- eat together
Adolescent Nutrition
Increased caloric intake
- 3,000 in males
- 2,000 in females
Food Security
Access at all times to sufficient supply of safe, nutritious food
Food Insecurity
Inability to acquire or consume an adequate quality or sufficient quantity of food in socially acceptable ways
Childhood obesity
17% of american children
Celiac Disease
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Disease caused by sensitivity to gluten
* 1 in 33 people
* common with down syndrome or Turners syndrome
S/S:
* diarrhea
* growth impairment
* distension
Dx: fecal fat content measurement or duodenal biopsy
PICA
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An abnormal craving or appetite for non-food substances
S/S: iron or zinc deficiencies = heavy metal poisoning
Failure to Thrive
Decelerated or arrested physical growth (height & weight measurements fall below the 3rd or 5th percentile or a downward change in growth across two major growth percentiles) & is associated with abnormal growth & development
Anorexia Nervosa
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Life-threatening eating disorder pathological dieting (severe weight loss)
* distorted body image
S/S: constipation, cold, dizzy, abdominal distention