Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Breastmilk

A
  • well absorbed
  • contains amino acids & fatty acids
  • bioavailable
  • GI promotion
  • immune promotion
  • economic advantages
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2
Q

Rule of 4s (for breastmilk)

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A
  • 4 hours at room temperature
  • 4 days in the fridge
  • 24 hours in the freezer
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3
Q

Infant Nutrition

A
  • Fluid requirements are 140-
    160 mL/kg/day
  • High metabolic rate
  • 50% of calories from fat
  • breastmilk is recommended
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4
Q

Weaning off breastmilk

A

Occurs around 8-9 months

  • By 1 year should be able to drink from a sippy cup
  • can be emotional for mother & baby
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5
Q

Complementary Foods

A

Introduce around 6 months

  • infant should be able to sit up & turn away when full
  • Veggies, fruits, meats, finger foods
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6
Q

Toddler Nutrition

A
  • metabolic rate slows
  • “picky eaters”
  • one tablespoon of each food per year of age
  • whole milk until 2 years, then 2%
  • 4-6 oz of fruit juice daily
  • sit in high chair to minimize choking
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7
Q

School Age Nutrition

A

Nutritional needs increase from growth spurt

  • may be resistant to new foods
  • encourage choices
  • eat together
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8
Q

Adolescent Nutrition

A

Increased caloric intake

  • 3,000 in males
  • 2,000 in females
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9
Q

Food Security

A

Access at all times to sufficient supply of safe, nutritious food

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10
Q

Food Insecurity

A

Inability to acquire or consume an adequate quality or sufficient quantity of food in socially acceptable ways

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11
Q

Childhood obesity

A

17% of american children

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12
Q

Celiac Disease

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A

Disease caused by sensitivity to gluten
* 1 in 33 people
* common with down syndrome or Turners syndrome

S/S:
* diarrhea
* growth impairment
* distension

Dx: fecal fat content measurement or duodenal biopsy

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13
Q

PICA

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A

An abnormal craving or appetite for non-food substances

S/S: iron or zinc deficiencies = heavy metal poisoning

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14
Q

Failure to Thrive

A

Decelerated or arrested physical growth (height & weight measurements fall below the 3rd or 5th percentile or a downward change in growth across two major growth percentiles) & is associated with abnormal growth & development

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15
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

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A

Life-threatening eating disorder pathological dieting (severe weight loss)
* distorted body image

S/S: constipation, cold, dizzy, abdominal distention

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16
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

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A

Eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging
* “silent disorder” because it is concealed

S/S: gum recession, eroded tooth enamel, calluses on back of hand, esophagitis, abdominal distention

17
Q

TPN

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A

Bypass the GI tract; going through veins to provide nutrition

  • check TPN compatibility with meds