GI / GU Flashcards

Question

**Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS)**

Answer 1

Solutions containing glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride, & citrate are given orally to replace those lost in mild to moderate dehydration

Answer 2

* If weight is **less than 22 lb (10 kg) = give 60-120 mL ORS** for each diarrheal stool or vomiting episode * * If weight is **over 22 lb (10 kg) = give 120-240 mL ORS** for each diarrheal stool or vomiting episode

Answer 3

Give **50 - 100 mL/kg ORS in 3-4 hours** in addition to replacing fluids lost in minimal ORT

Answer 4

Treated with IV fluids * When hydrated adequately or concurrently with IV rehydration, begin ORT with **100 mL/kg of fluid in 4 hours** & stool replacement as described above. Recalculate fluid needs after first 4 hours & adjust as needed.

Answer 5

**Inflammation of the appendix** * ages 10-19 are most at risk for perforation **DX:** *ultrasound = gold standard*

Answer 6

* **P**ain (Mcburneys, Rovsing's, Psoas, Obturator) * **A**norexia * **N**ausea * **T**emperature * increased WBC, neutrophils, C-reactive protein

Answer 7

**RLQ pain upon palpation** * 2/3 between umbilicus & hip bone * *+ McBurneys = appendicitis*

Answer 8

RLQ pain upon LLQ palpation; **referred pain** * *+ Rovsing's = appendicitis*

Answer 9

RLQ pain on internal rotation of thigh * *+ Obturator = appendicitis*

Answer 10

Surgical removal of appendix * perforation = emergency * IV fluids, prophylactic antibiotics, pain medications, NPO, incision care, NG for perforation (decompresses abdomen)

Answer 11

**Elevated bilirubin level of > 5 g/dL** * affects 84% of newborns

Answer 12

* **jaundice** * **lethargy** * **decreased PO intake**

Answer 13

**phototherapy**

Answer 14

* **Identify jaundice** (soles, palms, sclera) * Obtain TSB * Plot TSB on normogram * **Strict I&Os** * IV hydration * Phototherapy * Vitals

Answer 15

* **Fluid volume deficit** * Risk for **impaired attachment** * Risk for **imbalanced body temperature**

Answer 16

**↑ bilirubin > 5 g/dL** **S/S: jaundice, lethargy, ↓ PO intake** * Tx = phototherapy **Nursing Diagnoses** * **Fluid volume deficit** * Risk for **impaired attachment** * Risk for **imbalanced body temperature**

Answer 17

**Infection of the lower or upper urinary tract that can be viral, bacterial, or fungal** * E. coli is the most common cause Dx: urine culture, UA, CBC, CT or US Tx: IV abx

Answer 18

**Inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys** Commonly caused by **group A beta-hemolytic strep** * **+ protein & blood in urine** * provide supportive care * common in 2-6 year old boys * manifests 10-21 days *after* strep infection recovery **do NOT need to have current infection for this to occur**

Answer 19

* ↓ GFR * ↑ BUN / Cr * ↑ WBC * **Proteinuria** = ↓ serum & ↑ in urine * **Hematuria** * Oliguria * Dysuria * low grade **fever** * **facial edema** * flank pain * lethargy * acute hypertension * HA * N/V * seizures (severe)

Answer 20

Urethral meatus (opening) located on the **ventral** (bottom) **surface of the penis** ## Footnote assess every newborn male * Nursing Considerations: patient education, I&Os, pain management, incision care

Answer 21

Urethral opening on the **dorsal** (top) **surface of the penis**

Answer 22

Clinical state of being**; alteration in kidney function** due to ↑ membrane permeability to proteins * **S/S:** * **Periorbital edema** * **+ proteinuria** * hematuria & ↓ urine output * irritability, malaise/anorexia * **HTN** **Tx: steroids & BP meds** * prednisone = 2 mg/kg/q12 hr

Answer 23

**Twisting of the spermatic cord causing ↓ blood flow to the testes** * *S/S:* severe pain, erythema, N/V, swelling * *Tx:* surgical emerrgency untwisting (orchiopexy)