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PRE REG > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What patient group has hypermagnesemia

A

Renal failure

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2
Q

What is the treatment for hypermagnesemia

A

Calcium gluconate injection

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3
Q

What is the treatment for hypo magnesemia

A

Severe: IV/ IM magnesium sulfate
Moderate : oral magnesium

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4
Q

Who has low phosphate

A

Patients with alcohol dependence
Or DKA

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5
Q

What drugs cause hypokalemia

A

ABCDEI

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6
Q

What drugs cause hyperkalemia

A

THANKS-B

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7
Q

What is hypokalemia treatment

A

Mild: oral potassium
Severe: iv kcl in nacl

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8
Q

What is the treatment for hyperkalemia

A

• calcium carbonate / calcium gluconate 10%
• IV insulin 5-10 units in 50mL glucose 10% over 5-10 mins
• salbutamol
• stop hyperkalemia causing drugs THANKSB

Mild to mod: ion exchange resins (calcium resonium)

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9
Q

What drugs cause hyponatremia

A

CERTAIN CARBEMAZ
DRUGS DIURETICS
DITCH DESMOPRESSION/VASOPRESSIN
SALT SSRIS

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10
Q

What is the treatment for acute severe hypocalcemia

A

Calcium gluconate

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11
Q

Why should calcium not be replaced too quickly

A

Arrhythmias

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12
Q

How is hyPERcalcemia treated

A

• rehydrate and stop causative drugs
• bisphosphonates and pamidronate sodium

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13
Q

What drug is used for hyPERcalcemia in malignancy

A

Calcitonin

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14
Q

When are corticosteroids used for hyPERcalcemia

A

Vitamin D deficiency and sarcoidosis

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15
Q

How is hyper calciuria treated

A

Bendro 2.5 and hydration

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16
Q

How is hyperparathyroidism treated

A

Parathyroidectomy first line

If failed cinacalet
Also give a bisphosphonate

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17
Q

How do we get IV nutrition

A

CVC or peripheral vein

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18
Q

What does vitamin A deficiency cause?

A

Ocular problems

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19
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

ADEK

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20
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A

B and c

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21
Q

What is the normal vitamin D dose?

A

10 mcg AKA 400 U

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22
Q

Who should have hydroxylated vitamin D?

A

Renal failure / dialysis patients

23
Q

What are the 4 versions of vitamin D

A

Colecalciferol, ergocalciferol , alfacalciferol and calcitriok

24
Q

What is another name for vitamin E

A

Tocopherol

25
Q

What does vitamin E deficiency cause

A

Neuromuscular problems

26
Q

What is the water soluble derivative of vitamin K?

A

Menadiol

27
Q

What is another name for vitamin C

A

Ascorbic acid

28
Q

What are the 5 B vitamins and what do they treat?

A

B1 thiamine Wernickes encephalopathy
B2 riboflavin nervous system skin eyes
B6 pyroxidine, treats peripheral neuropathy associated with izoniazide
B9 folic acid
B12 hydroxocobalamin megaloblastic anaemia

29
Q

How can we treat mucositis caused my methotrexate?

A

Folinic acid

30
Q

Which drugs can cause mucositis?

A

Fluorouraxil
Anthraxyclines
Methotrexate

31
Q

Which chemo can cause palmar plantar syndrome

A

Fluoroauracil

32
Q

How I’m hyperuricemka treated in chemo?

A

Allopurinol 1 day before starting
Febuxostat 2 days before starting

33
Q

What chemo causes bone marrow suppression?

A

All but bleomycin and vincristine

34
Q

When does bone marrow suppression occur after chemo?

A

7-10

35
Q

How is urothelial toxicity treated ?

A

Mesna

36
Q

What is the difference between acute and delayed vomitting in chemo

A

Acute within 24 hours
Delayed after 24 hours

37
Q

Which chemo causes mild n&v

A

Fluorouracil
Etoposide
Methotrexate
Vinca alkaloids

38
Q

Which chemo causes mild n&v

A

Fluorouracil
Etoposide
Methotrexate
Vinca alkaloids

39
Q

Which chemo causes severe n&v

A

Ciclosporin
Dacarbazine
High dose cyclophosphamide

40
Q

Which chemo causes severe n&v

A

Ciclosporin
Dacarbazine
High dose cyclophosphamide

41
Q

Which chemos cause moderate nausea and vomiting?

A

Taxanes, Doxorubicin, high dose methotrexate, mitoxantrone, low dose cyclophosphamide

42
Q

How do we prevent acute nausea and vomitting

A

Low risk: Dex or loraz
High risk: dex, ondansetron and aprepitant

43
Q

How do we prevent delayed nausea and vomitting

A

DODA
Moderately emetogic: dex and ondansetron

Highly emetogenjc: dex and aprepitang

44
Q

Which is prescribed by brand?
Azathioprine
Ciclosporin
Mycophenolate mofet
Or tacrolimus

A

Ciclosporin and tacrolimus

45
Q

Why should/ should not someone take vitamin c with iron

A

Increases absorption

46
Q

What are the side effects of oral iron

A

Black stools
Constipation / diarrhoea

47
Q

Why would iron be taken before / after food

A

Before: increase absorption
After: reduce side effects

48
Q

How long after haemoglovin back to normal is oral iron stopped

A

3 months

49
Q

What is iron toxicity treated with

A

desferrioxamine

50
Q

What is the MHRA safety alert with parentedal iron and what do we do

A

Hypersensitivity - monitor for 30 mins after and trained staff / resus facikities

51
Q

When do we use parenteral iron

A

Oral not working/not tolerated
Cancer patients
Haemoduysis oatients

52
Q

How is Vit b12 deficiency treated

A

Hydroxocobalamin
Every 3 months

53
Q

How is folate deficiency treated

A

Folic acid
For 4 months

54
Q

Who gets a higher dose of folic acid in pregnancy

A

Smokers
Diabetics
Epileptics
On anti malarials
Obesity
Sickle cell anemia

PRE REG (5 decks)

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