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PRE REG > Cardiology Arrhythmias > Flashcards

Cardiology Arrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

What is the therapeutic range of digoxin? Including units

A

0.7 - 2 ng/mL

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2
Q

What are the 5 side effects of amiodarone?

A

Corneal micro-deposits
Photosensitivity
Thyroid (hypo and hyper)
Pulmonary toxicity
Liver toxicity

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3
Q

What are the 5 side effects of amiodarone?

A

Corneal micro-deposits
Photosensitivity
Thyroid (hypo and hyper)
Pulmonary toxicity
Liver toxicity

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4
Q

What are the signs of digoxin toxicity?

A

Yellow vision
Bradycardia
Confusion
Vomitting
Depression
Dizziness

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5
Q

When should a digoxin level be taken?

A

6-12 hours after dose

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6
Q

What is the digoxin antidote?

A

Digoxin-specific antibody

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7
Q

How is QT prolongation treated?

A

IV magnesium sulfate

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8
Q

When is anticoagulation carried out for electrical cardioversion

A

3 weeks before 4 weeks after

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9
Q

How often are amiodarone eye tests

A

Annual

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10
Q

What monitoring is needed for amiodarone

A

Eye tests
Chest x Ray before starting
LFTs 6 monthly
TFTs 6 monthly
Potassium (u+es) 6 monthly

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11
Q

What are the stages of hypertension

A

Stage 1 - 140/90 - 159/99
Stage 2 - 160/100 - 180/120
Stage 3 - 180/120 >

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12
Q

What beta blockers do not cause cold
Extremeties?

A

Pindolol
Oxprenolol
Acebutanolol
Celiprolol

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13
Q

Which beta blockers are cardio selective and best for asthmatics if absolutely necessary?

A

Bisoprolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol
Acebutanol
Nevivolol

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14
Q

Which beta blockers are once daily

A

Nadolol
Celiprolol
Bisoprolol
Atenolol

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15
Q

Which beta blockers do not cross BBB so don’t cause night terrors

A

Celiprolol
Atenolol
Nadolol
Sotalol

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16
Q

What drugs should be stopped in dehydration

A

DAMN - diuretics, ace I, metformin and NSAIDS

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17
Q

Which DOAC needs to be taken with food?

A

Rivaroxaban

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18
Q

What antibiotic can increase INR?

A

Doxycycline

19
Q

What are the side effects of nitrates

A

Flushing, falling, dizziness, hypotension, palpitations, syncope

20
Q

How is an ischemic stroke managed ?

A

300mg aspirin initially
If within 4.5 hours alteplase

21
Q

What medication do we avoid in haemorrhaging stroke

A

statins

22
Q

How long after an ischemic stroke is a statin started?

A

48 hours

23
Q

What are clopidogrel side effects

A

BLED - bruising, leucopenia, erythema multiforme, dyspepsia

24
Q

How long before surgery is clopidogrel stopped?

A

7 days

25
Q

How many doses of GTN can be given before 999?

A

3, 5 mins apart

26
Q

When do GTN sublingual tablets expire?

A

8 weeks after opening

27
Q

How is a nitrate free period maintained ?

A

Don’t give nitrates 12 hrly

28
Q

In a stemi, how quickly is a PCI needed?

A

2 hours

29
Q

What 5 meds would someone who has had a heart attack leave hospital on?

A

DABS - DAPT (aspirin+ticagrelo/clopidogrel/prasugrel)

30
Q

What additional side effect does nicorandil have compared to nitrates?

A

Ulceration

31
Q

What is the main interaction with nitrates ?

A

Sildenafil

32
Q

What is the digoxin antidote?

A

Digoxin specific antibody

33
Q

What is cha2ds2vasc

A

CCF, hypertension, age 75+ =2, diabetes, stroke/tia =2c age 65-74, sex female

34
Q

What is the nice hypertension pathway?

A

<55/ diabetes = ARB/ACEI first . >55/Afro = CCB first

Then both
Then add thiazide like diuretic
Then add Alfa or beta blocker if K >4.5
Or spironolactone if K<4.5

35
Q

What are ace inhibitor side effects

A

HHARDD - hypertension, hepatic failure , angiodema, renal impairment , dry cough, dizziness

36
Q

What is first line for hypertension in pregnancy and second line

A

Labetolol first
Dipyridamole + nifedipine second

37
Q

What MHRA alert is associated with warfarin?

A

Calciphylaxis / skin reaction

38
Q

What should be done if INR is high?

A

Major bleed - stop warfarin, IV phytomenandione, dried prothrombin complex

Minor bleed INR>8 - IV phytomenandione

INR >8 no bleed - oral phyto

INR 5-8 minor bleed - IV phyto

INR 5-8, no bleed - hold warf for 1-2 doses. Restart when INR <5

39
Q

How is stable angina treated?

A

CBA - beta blocker first
Then CCB
Then nitrates / nicorandil / ivabradine / ranolazine

40
Q

What are the 4pillars of Heart failure ?

A

ACEI / ARB/ ARNI
MRA eg epelerone
spironolactone
SGLT2 eg Dapa

41
Q

Explain the effects of the 3 types of diuretics on U+Es

A

Loop =decreases all
Thiazide = lowers K , lowers NA, lowers Mg, raises Ca
k sparing = K increase, Na decrease

42
Q

How long is amiodarone half life?

A

25 hours ish (long)

43
Q

What should people at risk of pre-eclampsia do?

A

Aspirin from 12 weeks until birth

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