NUTRITION

Question 1

People who follow a vegan diet are at increased risk for deficiencies in….

Answer 1

calcium, iron, zinc, protein, fatty acids, and vitb12

Question 2

Megaloblastic anemia in the setting of impaired deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis is commonly related to what deficiencies?

Answer 2

folate or vitamin b12

Question 3

What deficiency are we worried about for people on vegan diet?

Answer 3

Calcium
Iron
Zinc
Protein
FA
Vitb12(cobalamin)

Question 4

Why are pts on a vegan diet at higher risk for fracture?

Answer 4

Calcium poor diet

Question 5

Megaloblastic anemia in the setting of a tea and toast diet is concerning for what deficiency

Answer 5

Folate or B12/cobalamin deficiency, folate deficiency is likely to present sooner since body’s reserve of folate is less than B12.

Megaloblastic anemia is a type of macrocytic anemia characterized by large, nucleated red blood cell precursors that contain uncondensed chromatin. Caused by inhibition of DNA synthesis (e.g., from vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency) that results in G2 cell cycle arrest, which leads to relatively immature nuclei compared to the cytoplasm. Associated with hypersegmented neutrophils.

Presentation:
anemia (e.g., fatigue, pallor)
Glossitis
Maternal deficiency: fetal spina bifida/anencephaly
Unlike vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency does not result in neurological symptoms.

Question 6

What is another name for folic acid?

Answer 6

Vit B9

Question 7

Niacin deficinecy can result in…

Answer 7

A deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3). Characterized by the presence of glossitis and “the three Ds”: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and possibly death (the four Ds). Typically caused by decreased intake of niacin or tryptophan but can also result from carcinoid syndrome and Hartnup disease.

Question 8

Vitamin B1 deficiency is often seen in ____________ and can result in _______________

Answer 8

alcoholics, wernicke’s encephalopathy which can progress to korsakoff syndrome