Nutrition

Question 1

_________ is a deficit, excess, or imbalance of essential nutrients. Name the two types

Answer 1

malnutrition, under/overnutrition

Question 2

_________ is defined as the processes of cellular metabolism and its impact on health

Answer 2

nutrition

Question 3

what does BMR stand for? what does it mean?

Answer 3

-Basal metabolic rate
-the energy used by a person while resting

Question 4

What is the Mifflin St. Jeor equation? What factors does it include?

Answer 4

-tool to calculate BMR
-weight, height and age, multiplied by activity

Question 5

How many calories should a person consume if they are trying to lose weight, maintain weight, and gain weight?

Answer 5

-lose: 20-25 cal/kg
-maintain: 25-30 cal/kg
-gain: 30-35 cal/kg

Question 6

Carbs are broken down into into _________ in the body

Answer 6

glucose

Question 7

Give examples of complex and simple carbs

Answer 7

-complex: starches–whole grains, potatoes
-simple: fruits, white pasta/rice, cereal, soda

Question 8

Fiber is not _________/_________, but it’s good for for your GI tract

Answer 8

digested/absorbed (by the body)

Question 9

Fats are a good source of _______

Answer 9

energy

Question 10

Protein is used by the body for…

Answer 10

tissue/muscle repair and growth

Question 11

Give examples of complete vs incomplete proteins

Answer 11

-complete: eggs, fish, milk, meat
-incomplete: grains, nuts, seeds

Question 12

What do “anthropoetic measurements” refer to?

Answer 12

measurements of fat and muscle performed during a nutritional assessment

Question 13

Serum albumin is _______ reliable than pre-albumin. Why?

Answer 13

-less
-obtained by blood draw, serum albumin can be affected by many different factors, and gives an accurate reading for albumin 2 weeks ago

Question 14

What might high HCT and HgB be a sign of?

Answer 14

dehydration

Question 15

What does the Lawton scale test?

Answer 15

Functional ability beyond ADLs–shopping, bills, cleaning, using phone, etc.

Question 16

How many g of fiber should a person eat per day?

Answer 16

14g/1000 kcal

Question 17

What are the three major macronutrients and what % of calories should make up?

Answer 17

-carbs ()
-fat ()
-proteins (35%)

Question 18

WED VIDEO Qs–PUT IN

Question 19

A patient w/ their jaw wired shut after an accident needs long-term nutritional support–what kind of tube feeding will they receive?

Answer 19

G-tube (unless GI system isn’t functioning)

Question 20

A patient with GERD tells you that they “quit smoking, eat small meals, take antacids daily, and have a bedtime snack before they sleep–making sure head of bed is elevated”. How would you respond?

Answer 20

no more bedtime snack, everything else good

Question 21

68F, BMI 38, WC38, WTH 1.1
At risk for obesity? Why/not?

Answer 21

yes–multiple risk factors

Question 22

A patient dx’ed w/ Celiac states “if I do not follow a GF diet I may develop cancer, and I should ask my close relatives to screen for Celiac disease”. How do you respond?

Answer 22

Yes, both true

Question 23

WEDLEC CARDS

Question 24

Define GERD–who does it affect?

Answer 24

GI esophageal reflux disease–acid reflux, disfunction of LES. COMMON chronic condition, can affect babies – old adults

Question 25

Name risk factors for GERD

Answer 25

-MEDS: Ca channel blockers, anti-cholinergic meds, nitrates
-LIFESTYLE: drinking, smoking
-EATING HABITS: acidic (tomato, citrus)/spicy foods, alliums, caffeine, chocolate, fried/fatty foods–and eating right before bed, eating very large meals
-MED CONDITIONS: pregnancy, hernias

Question 26

A patient w/: pyrosis, dyspepsia, dysphagia, acid reflux, respiratory issues, “lump in throat” and atypical chest pain would likely be diagnosed with…

Answer 26

GERD

Question 27

dyspepsia refers to…

Answer 27

abdominal pain

Question 28

Name the symptoms of GERD

Answer 28

pyrosis (heartburn), dyspepsia, dysphagia, acid reflux, respiratory issues, atypical chest pain, “lump in throat”

Question 29

A patient is undergoing a radionuclide study, esophogram, esophageal, pH monitoring, or endoscopy after meds, and avoiding tomatoes and coffee didn’t help with symptoms. What is their likely dx?

Answer 29

GERD

Question 30

Name the complications of GERD

Answer 30

-Esophageal stricture: scar tissue narrows the esophagus
-Esophageal ulcer: tissue eroded from acid damage (bleed, high pain, darker stools)
-Barrett’s esophagus: metaplasia of esophageal tissue–can be precancerous

Question 31

The stool/vomit of someone w/ an esophageal ulcer might be _______.

Answer 31

darker (bleeding high in GI tract)

Question 32

Course of action for bbs w/ GERD?

Answer 32

wait–they often grow out of GERD

Question 33

Antacids for GERD (MOA, effect, considerations)

Answer 33

-MOA: neutralize acid–Al, Ca, Mg, Na
-reduce pain short term, best for more mild GERD
-consid: take 1-3 hours after meals, not w/ other meds (eg, tetracycline), careful w/ reduced kidney fxn (kidney stones, diarrhea)

Question 34

T/F: Severe GERD can be masked by the effects of antacids.

Answer 34

T

Question 35

H2 receptor antagonists for GERD (suffix, MOA, effect, considerations)

Answer 35

“-dines”: famotidine, cimetidine
MOA: block H2 receptors in parietal cells of stomach
-SFX: CNS adverse for elderly

Question 36

PPIs for GERD (suffix, MOA, SFX/considerations)

Answer 36

“-prazole”
MOA: binds to H-K_ATPase pump, blocks acid secretion
SFX: long term use = osteoporosis/fracture
Consids: take on empty stomach 30 min - 1hr before food, take daily (not only when symptomatic), interact w/ benzodiazapam, warfarin, and phenytoin (seizure med)

Question 37

What education might you provide to a pt w/ GERD?

Answer 37

-avoid acidic/spicy/fried foods
-frequent, small meals
-don’t lie down after eating
-sleep w/ head elevated

Question 38

What is a Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication, in basic terms. Why would a pt receive this?

Answer 38

Stomach wrapped around (“collars”) LES–for severe GERD