Nutrition Flashcards
_________ is a deficit, excess, or imbalance of essential nutrients. Name the two types
malnutrition, under/overnutrition
_________ is defined as the processes of cellular metabolism and its impact on health
nutrition
what does BMR stand for? what does it mean?
-Basal metabolic rate
-the energy used by a person while resting
What is the Mifflin St. Jeor equation? What factors does it include?
-tool to calculate BMR
-weight, height and age, multiplied by activity
How many calories should a person consume if they are trying to lose weight, maintain weight, and gain weight?
-lose: 20-25 cal/kg
-maintain: 25-30 cal/kg
-gain: 30-35 cal/kg
Carbs are broken down into into _________ in the body
glucose
Give examples of complex and simple carbs
-complex: starches–whole grains, potatoes
-simple: fruits, white pasta/rice, cereal, soda
Fiber is not _________/_________, but it’s good for for your GI tract
digested/absorbed (by the body)
Fats are a good source of _______
energy
Protein is used by the body for…
tissue/muscle repair and growth
Give examples of complete vs incomplete proteins
-complete: eggs, fish, milk, meat
-incomplete: grains, nuts, seeds
What do “anthropoetic measurements” refer to?
measurements of fat and muscle performed during a nutritional assessment
Serum albumin is _______ reliable than pre-albumin. Why?
-less
-obtained by blood draw, serum albumin can be affected by many different factors, and gives an accurate reading for albumin 2 weeks ago
What might high HCT and HgB be a sign of?
dehydration
What does the Lawton scale test?
Functional ability beyond ADLs–shopping, bills, cleaning, using phone, etc.
How many g of fiber should a person eat per day?
14g/1000 kcal
What are the three major macronutrients and what % of calories should make up?
-carbs ()
-fat ()
-proteins (35%)
WED VIDEO Qs–PUT IN
A patient w/ their jaw wired shut after an accident needs long-term nutritional support–what kind of tube feeding will they receive?
G-tube (unless GI system isn’t functioning)
A patient with GERD tells you that they “quit smoking, eat small meals, take antacids daily, and have a bedtime snack before they sleep–making sure head of bed is elevated”. How would you respond?
no more bedtime snack, everything else good
68F, BMI 38, WC38, WTH 1.1
At risk for obesity? Why/not?
yes–multiple risk factors
A patient dx’ed w/ Celiac states “if I do not follow a GF diet I may develop cancer, and I should ask my close relatives to screen for Celiac disease”. How do you respond?
Yes, both true
WEDLEC CARDS
Define GERD–who does it affect?
GI esophageal reflux disease–acid reflux, disfunction of LES. COMMON chronic condition, can affect babies – old adults
Name risk factors for GERD
-MEDS: Ca channel blockers, anti-cholinergic meds, nitrates
-LIFESTYLE: drinking, smoking
-EATING HABITS: acidic (tomato, citrus)/spicy foods, alliums, caffeine, chocolate, fried/fatty foods–and eating right before bed, eating very large meals
-MED CONDITIONS: pregnancy, hernias
A patient w/: pyrosis, dyspepsia, dysphagia, acid reflux, respiratory issues, “lump in throat” and atypical chest pain would likely be diagnosed with…
GERD
dyspepsia refers to…
abdominal pain
Name the symptoms of GERD
pyrosis (heartburn), dyspepsia, dysphagia, acid reflux, respiratory issues, atypical chest pain, “lump in throat”
A patient is undergoing a radionuclide study, esophogram, esophageal, pH monitoring, or endoscopy after meds, and avoiding tomatoes and coffee didn’t help with symptoms. What is their likely dx?
GERD
Name the complications of GERD
-Esophageal stricture: scar tissue narrows the esophagus
-Esophageal ulcer: tissue eroded from acid damage (bleed, high pain, darker stools)
-Barrett’s esophagus: metaplasia of esophageal tissue–can be precancerous
The stool/vomit of someone w/ an esophageal ulcer might be _______.
darker (bleeding high in GI tract)
Course of action for bbs w/ GERD?
wait–they often grow out of GERD
Antacids for GERD (MOA, effect, considerations)
-MOA: neutralize acid–Al, Ca, Mg, Na
-reduce pain short term, best for more mild GERD
-consid: take 1-3 hours after meals, not w/ other meds (eg, tetracycline), careful w/ reduced kidney fxn (kidney stones, diarrhea)
T/F: Severe GERD can be masked by the effects of antacids.
T
H2 receptor antagonists for GERD (suffix, MOA, effect, considerations)
“-dines”: famotidine, cimetidine
MOA: block H2 receptors in parietal cells of stomach
-SFX: CNS adverse for elderly
PPIs for GERD (suffix, MOA, SFX/considerations)
“-prazole”
MOA: binds to H-K_ATPase pump, blocks acid secretion
SFX: long term use = osteoporosis/fracture
Consids: take on empty stomach 30 min - 1hr before food, take daily (not only when symptomatic), interact w/ benzodiazapam, warfarin, and phenytoin (seizure med)
What education might you provide to a pt w/ GERD?
-avoid acidic/spicy/fried foods
-frequent, small meals
-don’t lie down after eating
-sleep w/ head elevated
What is a Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication, in basic terms. Why would a pt receive this?
Stomach wrapped around (“collars”) LES–for severe GERD
