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N323 > Exam III--Immunity > Flashcards

Exam III--Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Main functions of immune system, three types of immunity (+ active vs passive)

A

Defense, homeostasis, surveillance
-First: skin, tears, complement proteins
-Second: innate (NK cells, granulocytes, macrophages)
-Third: acquired antibodies (B/T lymphocytes)

active acquired–body makes antibodies
-passive acquired–receiving antibodies

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2
Q

3 Lines of defense

A

-Skin: mucous, flora, complement proteins
-Cells-innate: NK cells, granulocytes, macrophages
-Antibodies-specific: B/T lymphocytes

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3
Q

Antigens _______ the immune system, unless they are ________ to the body

A

activate, indigenous

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4
Q

Lymph production includes ______ _______ and the _______. PLOs include…

A

-Bone marrow, thymus
PLOs: tonsils, lymph nodes, spleen…

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5
Q

B lymphocytes mature in…
T lymphocytes mature in…

A

-bone marrow
-thymus

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6
Q

Nursing assessment for altered immunity

A

-Hx w/ allergies
-Mucous membranes
-Facial swellinng
-Res: wheezing, stridor

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7
Q

High eosinophil count (in serum or sputum/secretions) indicates

A

-Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
-parasite invasion

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8
Q

High CRP and ESR indicate

A

autoimmune inflammation

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9
Q

Describe challenge tests

A

eating a food that may cause anaphylaxis (??) under clinical supervision to observe reaction

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10
Q

Steps of anaphylaxis treatment

A

-recognize
-maintain patent airway
-give drugs (IM epinephrine, high flow O2, Albuterol, Diphen, corticosteroids)
-shock treatment (elevate legs, fluid bolus, meds to increase BP)
-reflect–how can we prevent in future
-carry epi everywhere

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11
Q

Types of hypersensitivity reactions

A

Type 1: Atopic/anaphylactic
Type 2: Cytotoxic
Type 3: Immune mediated
Type 4: Delayed

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12
Q

Epinephrine MOA, use

A

MOA: vasoconstrict, relax bronchial sm muscle
use: anaphylaxis

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13
Q

Sudafed use, how long does it last?

A

-allergic rhinitis
-lasts hours

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14
Q

Corticosteroids use

A

Prednisone: anaphylaxis

Flonase, nasocort, fluticasone: allergic rhinitis

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15
Q

Topical antipruritic example, use

A

Ex: hydrocortisone/calamine lotion
Use: dermatitis, urticaria

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16
Q

A CBC with WBC differential shows a patient has low lymphocytes. This indicates…

A

immunodeficiency

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17
Q

Mast-stabilizing drugs are used to treat

A

allergic rhinitis

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18
Q

Leukotriene receptor antagonists are used to treat

A

asthma, allergic rhinitis

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19
Q

Immunotherapy for allergies is ______- term, and helps reduce ________ of _________.

A

-long term
-symptoms of allergies

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20
Q

Describe the ‘onboarding’ process of immunotherapy

A

-SC or SL allergy extract
-build up phase: 3-6 months
-Maintenance phase: 3-5 years

21
Q

Latex allergies cause a type ___ reaction.

A

-can be both type I and type IV!
-Type I: allergy to natural rubber latex proteins–within minutes, more systematic
-Type IV: allergy to chemicals used in glove manufacturing–within 12-48 hours, more local

22
Q

If someone has anaphylactic reaction to banana, avocado, chestnut, kiwi, peach, grape, apricot, potato, or hazelnut, they might have ________-________ ____________.

A

latex-food syndrome

23
Q

Rheumatoid factor, western blot, ELISA, and TORCH tests are _________-specific _______ tests.

A

disease-specific blood tests

24
Q

Secondary prevention

A

screenings (high risk behavior, substance abuse, genetic testing)

25
Q

Diphen, an ____________, is often used to treat rhinitis, _________, and _________.

A

-antihistamine
-urticaria
-anaphylaxis (IV)

26
Q

Name the hypersensitivity reaction:
antigen –> B cell phagocytosis –> IgE attaches to mast cells, basophils
Give examples.

A

Type 1, anaphylactic/atopic
-Anaphylaxis; atopic… allergic rhinitis, dermatitis, asthma, urticaria, angioedema

27
Q

Name the hypersensitivity reaction:

IgG and IgM bind to antigen –> complement system phagocytosis/cytosis –> cell death and clotting
Give examples.

A

Type 2, cytotoxic
-Hemolytic blood transfusion reaction
-Good pasture syndrome (lung/kidney bleeding)

28
Q

Name the hypersensitivity reaction:
antigens, IgG, and IgM form complexes that build up in kidneys/joints
Give examples.

A

-Type 3, immune-complex mediated
-Lupus, glomerulonephritis, RA

29
Q

Name the hypersensitivity reaction:
-T cells attack antigens –> cytokine release –> macrophages release damaging enzymes
-takes 1-2 days
Give examples.

A

-Type 4, delayed
-Contact dermatitis, transplant rejection, TB caseous necrosis

30
Q

Immunotherapy is used to manage _________ ___________. Describe SC vs SL forms.

A

-allergy symptoms
-SC: 3-6 mo buildup, 3-5 year maintenance
-SL: daily pollen/grass/pollen tablet, first does in clinic

31
Q

Dopamine might be given during anaphylaxis in order to….

A

increase BP (if in shock)

32
Q

granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), monocytes, and lymphocytes (T cells and B cells) are all _________.

A

leukocytes (WBCs)

33
Q

Splenectomy might result in reduced number of Ig__ antibodies, but Ig__ and Ig__ will remain normal.

A

IgM,
-IgE
-IgA

34
Q

NK cells kill…

A

-virus infected cells
-tumors
-transplanted organs/skin

35
Q

T helper cells ________ and create _________

A

divide, cytokines

36
Q

Dendritic cells capture antigens at the _______ parts of the body

A

external

37
Q

Interluekin, interferons, TNF, colony stimulating factors, and epo , all _________, are the ________ of the cells

A

cytokines, messengers

38
Q

Interleukin function

A

modulate/weaken immune system–immunocompromisors

39
Q

Interferon function

A

Produce anti viral effect (“interfere” with viruses”)

40
Q

TNF function

A

pro-inflammatory (leads to immune disease)

41
Q

Colony-stimulating factor function

A

regulates stem cell growth

42
Q

IgM function

A

primary immune response

43
Q

IgG function

A

secondary immune response

44
Q

IgA function

A

protects mucous membranes

45
Q

IgD function

A

B cell differentiation

46
Q

IgE function

A

allergic response

47
Q

B cells respond when an individual is ______ exposed to an antigen

A

first

48
Q

Ig__ and Ig__ are present at birth
Ig__ is the only one that crosses the placenta

A

-IgG, IgM
-IgG

49
Q

In older adults, the thymus gland _______, and they will have diminished __________ reactions. They also have a worse response to ________.

A

-shrinks
-diminished hypersensitivity reactions
-vaccines

N323 (9 decks)

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