Nutrition Flashcards
Calories are
a unit of energy
what are the 3 main caloric contributors?
fat, protein, and carbohydrates
Fat (lipids) are found as
fatty acids
How many calories per gram do fats have
9
carbohydrates include
simple sugars, starches and cellulose
How many Calories per gram are in carbs?
4
proteins are
complex chains of amino acids
what is an enzyme?
a protein with a job
how many calories per gram are in protein?
4
keto(genic) diet
high fat, low carb
paleo(lithic) diet
caveman diet, avoid grains and dairy products, more meat (muscle building)
Adkins Diet
limiting carbs and total caloric intake
Intermittent fasting
meal timing schedules, attempts to regulate your body’s utilization of stored energy
The Kjeldahl Method
protein determination
The Kjeldahl method is considered a
derivatization method because it does not directly analyze protein
K-method advantages and disadvantages
simple and cheap equipment, but its not the most accurate and chemicals are harsh
Bradford assay
protein determination
The Bradford assay is considered
a colorimetric method
B Assay- Advantages and disadvantages
fast and no harsh chemicals, more expensive equipment
Dubois Method
Carbohydrate determination
Dubois method is a
colorimetric, derivatization method
D Method- advantages and disadvantages
fast and simple, harsh chemicals and carb matrix can cause errors
Refractometry is
water soluble carb determination
Refractometry advantages and disadvantages
cheap and fast, lower accuracy
Soxhlet Extraction
fat determination
S Extraction advantages and disadvantages
automated, other components can be extracted, harsh chemicals, energy intensive
Bomb Calorimetry
tOTAL CALORIES
Bomb Calorimetry advantages and disadvantages
quick and reproducible, only water is needed, requires specialty equipment, leaking or cracking will cause an explosion, doesnt work if samples have a lot of water
Gas chromatography
separates mixtures based on boiling point and polarity
Liquid chromatography
separates mixtures based on polarity, solubility, and molecular weight/volume
mass spectrometry
used to analyze and identify components of a mixture
How many calories are in one Calorie
1000 calories
Amino acids are
building blocks of proteins
Proteins are
large C,H,O,N compound that folds into due to attractions and repulsions between amino acids
Tryglycerides
3 fatty acid chains and a glycerol
Carbohydrates
C, H, O compound that is a good source of energy (1:2:1 ratio)
