nutrition Flashcards
vitamins A, D, E, K
fat soluble
vitamins C & B
water soluble
butter, fried food, cheese, ice cream
saturated fatty acids
almonds, avocados, peanut oil
monounsaturated fatty acids
corn oil, fresh tuna, salmon, trout
polyunsaturated fatty acids
how much water should pt drink per day?
2.7-3.7L/day
T/F: basal metabolic rate is higher in males than females due to larger muscle mass
T
- growth
- infections
- emotional tension
- extreme environmental temps
- elevated levels hormones
increase BMR
- aging
- prolonged fasting
- sleep
decreases BMR
- energy needs increase due to greater metabolic demand
- increased need for protein
- calcium needed
- body image
- independence
- social pressure
adolescent considerations
- reduced nutrition demands
- energy needs decline
- contraception
- alcohol abuse
- obesity
adult considerations
- decreased energy/decreased BMR
- GI changes
- decreased food security
- fixed income
- health status may change
- mobility issues
- oral health decline
- cognitive impairments
- polypharmacy
older adult considerations
serum albumin
3.5-5.5
BUN
17-18
juice, gelatin, broth, popsicles, coffee, tea, clear fruit juice
clear liquid diet
milk, yogurt, creamy broth, pudding, frozen yogurt
full-liquid diet
food put in blender
pureed diet
food consistencies modified; ground beef, soft cookies, rice, pancakes, canned fruits, bananas, soups
mechanical soft
low sodium, low cholesterol
cardiac diet
restrict potassium, sodium, protein, phosphorous intake
renal diet
- drooling with liquids/solids
- difficulty with secretions
- pocketing
- choking
- head control
dysphagia
- fever
- tachypnea
- tachycardia
- decreased breath sounds
- altered mental status
aspiration pneumonia
nutrition into GI tract
- preferred if pt unable to swallow/take nutrients orally
- pt unable to ingest food, stil able to digest & absorb nutrients
enteral nutrition
specialized nutrition through IV
parenteral nutrition
