fluid, electrolytes, acid base balance

Question 1

average fluid intake is

Answer 1

2600cc/day

Question 2

can be measures (urination, defecation, wounds, etc)

Answer 2

sensible loss

Question 3

cannot be seen/counted (sweating, respirations, etc)

Answer 3

insensible loss

Question 4

serum sodium

Answer 4

135-145

Question 5

serum potassium

Answer 5

3.5-5

Question 6

serum calcium

Answer 6

8.6-10.2

Question 7

serum chloride

Answer 7

97-107

Question 8

bicarb level

Answer 8

25-29

Question 9

increased concentration of RBCs

Answer 9

hyperosmolar

Question 10

decreased concentrations RBCs

Answer 10

hypoosmolar

Question 11

RBCs are hyperosmolar due to a volume ______

Answer 11

deficit

Question 12

RBCs are hypoosmolar due to a volume _______

Answer 12

excess

Question 13

lactated ringers, normal saline

Answer 13

isotonic fluids

Question 14

D5W, D51/2 NS

Answer 14

hypotonic fluids

Question 15

3% NS

Answer 15

hypertonic fluid

Question 16

used for resuscitation

Answer 16

isotonic fluids (lactated ringer, NS)

Question 17

maintenance fluid, administer meds with

Answer 17

hypotonic fluids (D5W, D51/2 NS)

Question 18

used in very specific situations such as the neuro ICU, head injuries, etc

Answer 18

hypertonic fluid (3% NS)

Question 19

how many cc/h should be urinated by pt?

Answer 19

30

Question 20

compensate quickly

Answer 20

lungs

Question 21

compensate slowly

Answer 21

kidneys

Question 22

• tachypnea
• adventitious breath sounds
• rapid/bounding pulse
• distended neck veins
• wt. gain
• extra heart sounds
• increased UOP
  edema

Answer 22

hypervolemia

Question 23

• hypotension
• tachycardia
• thirst
• decreased UOP
• confusion
• wt. loss

Answer 23

hypovolemia

Question 24

• decreased LOC
• dry mucous membranes
• prolonged cap refill
• increased RR
• weak pulse
• decreased BP
• decreased UOP

Answer 24

dehydration

Question 25

facilitates cardiac muscle contraction, electrical conductivity, NM transmission of nerve impulses

Answer 25

potassium

Question 26

- irregular HR --> fast choetic - leg cramps - fatigue - paresthesia

Answer 26

hypokalemia

Question 27

- very slow regular HR --> cardiac arrest - skeletal muscle weakness/paralysis

Answer 27

hyperkalemia

Question 28

hyperactive DTR

Answer 28

hypomagnesium

Question 29

loss of DTR

Answer 29

hypermagnesium

Question 30

pH level

Answer 30

7.35-7.45

Question 31

paO2 level

Answer 31

80-100

Question 32

paCO2 level

Answer 32

35-45

Question 33

HCO3 level

Answer 33

25-29

Question 34

Hgb

Answer 34

12-17