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Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)

A

national standards referring nutritional intake required to meet the needs of most people; formerly called recommended daily allowance

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2
Q

My Plate

A

initiative by Michelle obama, vegtables is most abundant

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3
Q

Macronutrients

A

protein, carbs, fat

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4
Q

Micronutrients

A

vitamins and minerals

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5
Q

Low carb diet can lead too…

A

ketosis due to fat being broken down

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6
Q

Simple Carbs

A

simple sugars

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7
Q

Complex Carbs

A

whole grains, doesnt spike blood sugar

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8
Q

Dietary Fiber

A

indigestible form of carbs

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9
Q

Insoluble Fiber

A

doesn’t absorb, but can help move stool through colon
ex brown rice

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10
Q

Soluble Fiber

A

absorb H2O and bulks stool up

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11
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

liver stores glucose in the form of glycogen

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12
Q

Gluconeogensis

A

body breaks down protein or fat to glucose

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13
Q

Carbohydrates Calorie Conversion

A

4 Kcal/G

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14
Q

Protein Calorie Conversion

A

4 Kcal/ G

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15
Q

How many needed amino acids are there?

A

32

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16
Q

Not enough proteins can cause

A

edema/ swelling

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17
Q

Complete Proteins

A

contains all 32 amino acids
ex animal sources

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18
Q

Incomplete Proteins

A

grains, nuts, beans, chickpeas, brown rice have some amino acids

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19
Q

Waste product of protein

A

ammonia (toxic)- converted to urea in liver

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20
Q

Lipids Calorie Conversion

A

9 cal/g

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21
Q

Phospholipids and Cholesterol do what

A

stabilize outer layer

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22
Q

LDL’s

A

bad, takes cholesterol from liver

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23
Q

HDL’s

A

good, takes cholesterol from blood to liver

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24
Q

Normal Cholesterol Levels

A

60 HDL
120 LDL

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25
Unsaturated Fats
liquid at room temp ex olive oil
26
Saturated Fats
animal fats, solid at room temp
27
Trans Fat
found in processed foods
28
Fat Soluble
ADEK
29
Water Soluble
not stored in body, BC
30
A
skin and hair
31
D
absorb calcium
32
E
antioxidant
33
K
clotting factor, antidote to Coumadin
34
B
RBC and neurological functioning
35
C
need to heal wounds; sailors with scurvy
36
Vitamins
organic substances our body cannot produce
37
Minerals
inorganic substances the body needs in small amounts
38
Zinc
wound healing
39
Renal Failure causes high
K+, mg, Phos
40
BMR
Energy used at rest; 24 x BW in Kg x 1 (men) 0.9 (women)
41
Daily fluid requirement
30 ml/ kg
42
BMI
18.5-24.9 (Kg/m^2). not accurate in athletes or pregnancy
43
What decreases nutrient absorption
smoking and drinking
44
Glucose Level
60-100/110
45
Protein Levels
can be low due to malnutrition or diminished liver function
46
Transferrin
will go up if iorn is deficient
47
Vegetarian Diet
need B12 and all amino acids
48
Regular
2000 cal per day
49
NPO
no food or liquids
50
Diabetic Diet
constant carbohydrate diet
51
Renal Diet
low potassium. mg and phos and fluid restrictions
52
Antigen Avoidant
related to allergies or sensitivity ex celiac disease
53
Low Sodium Diet
related to HTN
54
Cardiac Diet
low in saturated and trans fat
55
Calorie Restriction
to decrease body weight
56
Low Protein Diet
for kidney and liver disease bc pt cannot process proteins effectively
57
Calorie-Protein Push Diet
someone with wounds are trying to heal
58
Clear Liquids
given to patients with decreased GI function
59
Full Liquids
pudding, ice cream, milkshake
60
Mechanical Soft
pts. with difficulty chewing; soft food or food cut up
61
Pureed
blended food for pts. with trouble swallowing
62
Nasogastric Tube
Sump (used for sunction), Levin
63
Nasojeujnal
thinner and more flexible; dobhoff, kangaroo
64
How many ML should you flush tubes with
30
65
Continuous Feeding
slow volume consistency
66
Cyclic Feeding
Night time feeding
67
Intermittent Feeding
runs at certain rate over 30-60 min
68
Bolus Feeding
quick over 5-10 min; gravity feed
69
Hickman Catheter
for venous acess
70
TPN
total parenteral nutrition

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