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Funds > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)

A

national standards referring nutritional intake required to meet the needs of most people; formerly called recommended daily allowance

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2
Q

My Plate

A

initiative by Michelle obama, vegtables is most abundant

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3
Q

Macronutrients

A

protein, carbs, fat

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4
Q

Micronutrients

A

vitamins and minerals

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5
Q

Low carb diet can lead too…

A

ketosis due to fat being broken down

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6
Q

Simple Carbs

A

simple sugars

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7
Q

Complex Carbs

A

whole grains, doesnt spike blood sugar

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8
Q

Dietary Fiber

A

indigestible form of carbs

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9
Q

Insoluble Fiber

A

doesn’t absorb, but can help move stool through colon
ex brown rice

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10
Q

Soluble Fiber

A

absorb H2O and bulks stool up

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11
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

liver stores glucose in the form of glycogen

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12
Q

Gluconeogensis

A

body breaks down protein or fat to glucose

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13
Q

Carbohydrates Calorie Conversion

A

4 Kcal/G

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14
Q

Protein Calorie Conversion

A

4 Kcal/ G

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15
Q

How many needed amino acids are there?

A

32

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16
Q

Not enough proteins can cause

A

edema/ swelling

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17
Q

Complete Proteins

A

contains all 32 amino acids
ex animal sources

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18
Q

Incomplete Proteins

A

grains, nuts, beans, chickpeas, brown rice have some amino acids

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19
Q

Waste product of protein

A

ammonia (toxic)- converted to urea in liver

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20
Q

Lipids Calorie Conversion

A

9 cal/g

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21
Q

Phospholipids and Cholesterol do what

A

stabilize outer layer

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22
Q

LDL’s

A

bad, takes cholesterol from liver

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23
Q

HDL’s

A

good, takes cholesterol from blood to liver

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24
Q

Normal Cholesterol Levels

A

60 HDL
120 LDL

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25
Q

Unsaturated Fats

A

liquid at room temp
ex olive oil

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26
Q

Saturated Fats

A

animal fats, solid at room temp

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27
Q

Trans Fat

A

found in processed foods

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28
Q

Fat Soluble

A

ADEK

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29
Q

Water Soluble

A

not stored in body, BC

30
Q

A

A

skin and hair

31
Q

D

A

absorb calcium

32
Q

E

A

antioxidant

33
Q

K

A

clotting factor, antidote to Coumadin

34
Q

B

A

RBC and neurological functioning

35
Q

C

A

need to heal wounds; sailors with scurvy

36
Q

Vitamins

A

organic substances our body cannot produce

37
Q

Minerals

A

inorganic substances the body needs in small amounts

38
Q

Zinc

A

wound healing

39
Q

Renal Failure causes high

A

K+, mg, Phos

40
Q

BMR

A

Energy used at rest; 24 x BW in Kg x 1 (men) 0.9 (women)

41
Q

Daily fluid requirement

42
Q

BMI

A

18.5-24.9 (Kg/m^2). not accurate in athletes or pregnancy

43
Q

What decreases nutrient absorption

A

smoking and drinking

44
Q

Glucose Level

A

60-100/110

45
Q

Protein Levels

A

can be low due to malnutrition or diminished liver function

46
Q

Transferrin

A

will go up if iorn is deficient

47
Q

Vegetarian Diet

A

need B12 and all amino acids

48
Q

Regular

A

2000 cal per day

49
Q

NPO

A

no food or liquids

50
Q

Diabetic Diet

A

constant carbohydrate diet

51
Q

Renal Diet

A

low potassium. mg and phos and fluid restrictions

52
Q

Antigen Avoidant

A

related to allergies or sensitivity
ex celiac disease

53
Q

Low Sodium Diet

A

related to HTN

54
Q

Cardiac Diet

A

low in saturated and trans fat

55
Q

Calorie Restriction

A

to decrease body weight

56
Q

Low Protein Diet

A

for kidney and liver disease bc pt cannot process proteins effectively

57
Q

Calorie-Protein Push Diet

A

someone with wounds are trying to heal

58
Q

Clear Liquids

A

given to patients with decreased GI function

59
Q

Full Liquids

A

pudding, ice cream, milkshake

60
Q

Mechanical Soft

A

pts. with difficulty chewing; soft food or food cut up

61
Q

Pureed

A

blended food for pts. with trouble swallowing

62
Q

Nasogastric Tube

A

Sump (used for sunction), Levin

63
Q

Nasojeujnal

A

thinner and more flexible; dobhoff, kangaroo

64
Q

How many ML should you flush tubes with

65
Q

Continuous Feeding

A

slow volume consistency

66
Q

Cyclic Feeding

A

Night time feeding

67
Q

Intermittent Feeding

A

runs at certain rate over 30-60 min

68
Q

Bolus Feeding

A

quick over 5-10 min; gravity feed

69
Q

Hickman Catheter

A

for venous acess

70
Q

TPN

A

total parenteral nutrition

Funds (10 decks)

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