Nutrition

Question 1

What are macronutrients?

Answer 1

Provide energy and build tissue; extra is stored a fat and become triglycerides (carbohydrates, protein, fat)

Question 2

What does carbohydrate do?

Answer 2

Provides quick source of energy; excess is stored as fat/glycogen

Question 3

What are proteins?

Answer 3

Responsible for building and maintaining bodily structure (muscle)

Question 4

What are micronutrients?

Answer 4

Regulate and control body processes; necessary for utilization of fats, carbs and proteins

Question 5

What do vitamins do?

Answer 5

Catalyst for metabolic processes

Question 6

How much kcal/gram does carbohydrate have?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

How much kcal/gram does protein have?

Answer 7

4

Question 8

How much kcal/gram does fat have?

Answer 8

9

Question 9

What is metabolism?

Answer 9

All the biochemical & physiologic processes by which the body grows and maintains itself; calories fuel metabolism but excess calories are stored as fat

Question 10

What is basal metabolic rate?

Answer 10

Rest at which a body burns calories while at rest (if you have more muscle you burn more calories)

Question 11

What happens to a person metabolic rate when they go on a starvation diet?

Answer 11

Slows down

Question 12

What is metabolism affected by?

Answer 12

Age, disease, gender, starvation

Question 13

Does the rate of metabolism go up or down as we age?

Answer 13

Decreases

Question 14

How much is one pound in calories?

Answer 14

3500 calories

Question 15

What is anthropometric data?

Answer 15

-Mid arm circumference measurement
-BMI
This is indirect measurements of body fat and protein

Question 16

How do you measure BMI?

Answer 16

Weight in pounds x 703 and then divided by height in inches x 2

Question 17

What is considered average BMI?

Answer 17

18.5-24.9

Question 18

What is considered underweight BMI?

Answer 18

Below 18.5

Question 19

What is considered overweight BMI?

Answer 19

25-29.9

Question 20

What is considered obese BMI class 1?

Answer 20

30-34.9

Question 21

What is considered class 2 obese BMI?

Answer 21

35-39.9

Question 22

What is considered extreme obesity?

Answer 22

40+

Question 23

What does fiber do to carbohydrate digestion?

Answer 23

Decrease it; helps diabetics

Question 24

What does fiber do to cholesterol levels?

Answer 24

Lowers it, helps cardiac patients

Question 25

What does fiber do for the body?

Answer 25

Helps eliminate feces

Question 26

What are complete amino acids?

Answer 26

Contains all the essential amino acids to build protein (9 essential)

Question 27

What are incomplete amino acids?

Answer 27

Does not contain all the essential amino acids

Question 28

What is the only vegetable in the world that provides all essential amino acids?

Answer 28

Soy beans

Question 29

What are the 9 essential amino acids?

Answer 29

-Lysine -Tryptophan -Histidine -Threonine -Valine -Methionine -Phenylalanine -Leucine -Isoleucine

Question 30

What is anabolism?

Answer 30

Requires energy to build and grow

Question 31

What is catabolism?

Answer 31

Uses energy to break down

Question 32

What is negative nitrogen balance?

Answer 32

More protein is lost than is replaced

Question 33

What is positive nitrogen balance?

Answer 33

If more protein (nitrogen) is given to patient than lost

Question 34

What is the only nutrient with nitrogen?

Answer 34

Protein

Question 35

What oil is good for you?

Answer 35

Olive oil; it decreases you LDL (lousy) and increased you HDL (healthy)

Question 36

Does water provide energy?

Answer 36

No, but it is an essential nutrient because all chemical reactions in the body must take place in a fluid environment

Question 37

Which is better for you unsaturated or saturated ?

Answer 37

Unsaturated

Question 38

What are saturated fats?

Answer 38

Animal source only

Question 39

What is unsaturated fats?

Answer 39

Mono and polyunsaturated vegetable oils

Question 40

What are transfats?

Answer 40

Hydrogenated vegetable oils in the lab

Question 41

Why is saturated fat bad for you?

Answer 41

It clogs your arteries?

Question 42

Normal water intake?

Answer 42

Between 2000 and 3000

Question 43

What are water soluble vitamins?

Answer 43

Not stored in the body and must betaken into the body on daily basis (ex. Vitamin B &C)

Question 44

What are fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 44

Excess will be stored on the body, danger of toxicity with excess supplements; (ex. Vitamins DAKE)

Question 45

What factors influence nutrition?

Answer 45

Growth spurts, pregnancy, aging, gender, culture, lifestyle, medications, health, alcohol, psychosocial

Question 46

What is a good indicator for malnutrition?

Answer 46

Decreased levels of serum albumin (low protein level)

Question 47

What are the tools for diet history?

Answer 47

24 hours food recall, food frequency records, food diary

Question 48

How to assess for malnutrition (clinical signs)

Answer 48

Skin, nails, hair, eyes, lips, tongue, gums, neuro, GI

Question 49

What is anorexia nervosa?

Answer 49

Extreme weight loss; muscle wasting; refusal to eat

Question 50

What is bulimia?

Answer 50

Gorging on calories and then vomiting, self induced

Question 51

What is clear liquid diet?

Answer 51

Not colorless, fruit juice-no pulp (apple juice okay), jello, chicken broth, coffee/tea, 7up

Question 52

What is full liquid diet?

Answer 52

Everything on clear plus pudding, ice cream, milk, custard

Question 53

What is pureed diet?

Answer 53

Blenderized, mostly cooked

Question 54

What is mechanical soft diet ?

Answer 54

Shredded, chopped, well-cooked veggies, bread, canned fruit

Question 55

What does NPO mean?

Answer 55

Nothing by mouth

Question 56

Methods to improve appetite?

Answer 56

Favorite foods, no heavy odors, oral hygiene, clean environment, small frequent meals, decrease stress, pain management

Question 57

How should you set up patient meal?

Answer 57

Food placement by the block