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Fundamentals Of Nursing > Mobility > Flashcards

Mobility Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a ball and socket joint?

A

Rounded head of one bone fits into the cup-like cavity in the other bone (shoulder)

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2
Q

What is a condyloid joint?

A

When the oval head of one bone fits into a shallow cavity of another bone (wrist joint or joints connecting the finger to the palm)

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3
Q

What is a pivot joint?

A

A ring-like structure that turns on a pivot, such as the joints between the atlas and axis of the neck and between the proximal ends of the radius and ulna at the wrist

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4
Q

What is a saddle joint?

A

Have bone surfaces that are convex on on side and concave on the other side such as the joint between the trapezium and metacarpal of the thumb

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5
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Condition where bone destruction exceeds bone formation and results in thin, porous bones that fracture easily

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6
Q

What does the skeletal system provide storage for?

A

-Calcium
-Phosphorus
-Magnesium
-Iron
-Lipids

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7
Q

What does the red bone marrow produce?

A

Red bone marrow in center of bones produces red blood cells, platelets, and macrophages

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8
Q

How do muscle assist with thermoregulation?

A

Generate heat by contracting muscles

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9
Q

What is a pivot disc?

A

Used for a client who has strength in lower extremities and is able to stand up

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10
Q

What is atelectasis?

A

Collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exhange

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11
Q

What are tendons?

A

They attach muscle to bone

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12
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Bones to other bones

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13
Q

Why is mobility important?

A

-use it or lose it
-independence
-health & fitness
- self esteem, body image and self concept

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14
Q

What does the muscular system do?

A

Permits movement of the body, maintains posture and heat production

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15
Q

What are the 3 types of muscles?

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth/visceral

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16
Q

What are the 3 types of exercises?

A

Isotonic, Isometric, Isokinetic

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17
Q

What is isotonic exercise?

A

Involves muscle shortening & active movement; ROM muscle extension and shortening

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18
Q

What is isometric exercise?

A

Involves muscle contraction WITHOUT shortening; tightening muscles (isolation of contraction of muscles ex. Stomach)

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19
Q

What is isokinetic exercise?

A

Involves muscle contractions with RESISTANCE (lifting weights)

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20
Q

Benefits of exercise for the heart?

A

Heart pumps efficiently, increased HR, decreased BP and increased blood flow to body

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21
Q

Benefits of exercise for Respiratory?

A

Increased oxygen to muscles and promotes gas exchange

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22
Q

Benefits of exercise for musculoskeletal?

A

Prevents bone loss, tones muscles, increase muscle mass and flexibility and longer life expectancy

23
Q

Benefits of exercise to gastro?

A

Increased appetite and promotes movements of stools

24
Q

Benefits of exercise to urinary?

A

Increased blood circulation to kidneys and promotes balance of body fluids

25
Q

Benefits of exercise to skin?

A

Toning and decreased wrinkles

26
Q

What kind of patients are at risk for immobility?

A

Elderly, malnourished, prolonged minimal movement or non movement, pain/muscle spasm, cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromuscular problems

27
Q

Systemic effects of immobility on Cardiovascular system

A

Decreased cardiac reserve, angina (chest pain), orthostatic hypotension, venous vasodilation & stasis, venous thrombosis, increased cardiac workload

28
Q

Systemic effects of immobility on Respiratory system

A

Decreased respiratory movement, decreased tissue oxygenation, secretions accumulate in alveoli, atelectasis, poor gas exchange

29
Q

Systemic effects of immobility on Musculoskeletal system

A

Decreased strength & tone, joint stiffness & pain, disuse atrophy, disuse osteoporosis, contracture & ankylosis, decreased coordination, limited endurance

30
Q

Systemic effects of immobility on Gastrointestinal system

A

Constipation (slower GI tract, poor defecation reflexes) and obesity (increased food intake & decreased activity)

31
Q

Systemic effects of immobility on Urinary system

A

Retention/stasis (must work against gravity), kidney/bladder calculi (stones), UTIs, and urinary incontinence (muscle reflex, overflow)

32
Q

Systemic effects of immobility on Integumentary system

A

Risk for skin breakdown, impaired circulation, prolonged pressure over bony prominences, and pressure ulcers

33
Q

What is stage 1 of pressure ulcers?

A

Unbroken skin

34
Q

What is stage 2 of pressure ulcers?

A

Broken skin, dermis

35
Q

What is stage 3 of pressure ulcers?

A

Subcutaneous involvement

36
Q

What is stage 4 of pressure ulcers?

A

Muscle/bone involvement

37
Q

What are the psychosocial effects of immobility?

A

Decreased self-esteem (Dependence on others, loss of self), emotional lability (mood swings, coping difficulties), cognitive changes (lack of interaction, mental slowing), sensory deprivation

38
Q

What is subjective data?

A

See, smell, hear

39
Q

What is objective data?

A

Facts

40
Q

How to prevent systemic complications for Cardiovascular

A

-Increase activity gradually, based on assessment
-Increase circulation with SCDs, TEDs, A-V impulse boots
-Do NOT massage calves or hold limb at belly of muscle
-Elevate legs on pillows

41
Q

How to prevent systemic complications for Respiratory

A

-Monitor pulse oximetry
-Incentive spirometry
-Turn, cough, deep breathe (TCDB)
-Respiratory treatment

42
Q

How to prevent systemic complications for Musculoskeletal

A

-Circulation, sensation, motion (CSM)
-ROM to resistance, never pain
-Support limbs & Joints
-Use footboard, linen loose on toes
-Know activity order
-Know fall assessment results (risk)
-If patient falls, assist to floor

43
Q

How to prevent systemic complications for Metabolic

A

-Assess Ht/Wt every week
-Intake/Output every 8-12 hours
-Calorie count
-Laboratory tests (albumin, protein, ca++)
-Monitor diet

44
Q

How to prevent systemic complications for Gastrointestinal

A

-Assess bowel sounds, BM, abdomen
-Exercise patient
-Fluids to 2000ml/day
-Gradually increase activity as tolerated
-Consider asking MD for order for stool softener

45
Q

How to prevent systemic complications for Urinary

A

-Prevent urinary stasis
-Perineal care bin &pen
-Monitor labs (ca++, WBC, urine pH & SG)
-Monitor for infection (cloudy urine, frequency, burning)

46
Q

How to prevent systemic complications for integumentary

A

-Assess CSM
-Foot cradle
-Heels off the bed
-Position changed with padding
-Avoid shearing/friction
-Clean, dry bedding
-Monitor nutrition/correct anemia

47
Q

How often should you turn a patient ?

A

Every 2 hours

48
Q

What does turning every 2 hours do for a patient?

A

Prevent them from getting bed sores

49
Q

When a client begins to fall what action should the nurse take?

A

Extend one leg and allow the client to slide down the leg to the floor

50
Q

At what degree should a clients elbows be flexed when being fitted for crutches?

A

30 degrees

51
Q

What is hyperextension of the hip?

A

Move their leg behind their body

52
Q

When using a walker what leg is moved first?

A

The weaker leg; first you move the walker then your weaker leg

53
Q

When using a cane what side is she using the cane on?

A

On the unaffected side; first move the affected leg and meet up with cane, and then move unaffected leg ahead of cane

Fundamentals Of Nursing (9 decks)

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