Nutrition Flashcards
Positive energy balance
Energy input is higher than energy output.
Negative energy balance
Energy input is lower that energy output.
Neutral energy balance
Energy input is equal to energy output.
Carbohydrates
Macro-nutrient - body’s preferred energy source.
High GI
Carbohydrates that are broken down quickly into the blood stream
Low GI
Carbohydrates that are broken down slowly into the blood stream
Protein
Macro-nutrient - muscle repair and growth
Fats
Macro-nutrient - energy source + insulation + organ protection.
Trans fats
Found in processed foods e.g. donuts, pies/pastries, supermarket cakes.
- increases LDL and decrease HDL
Saturated fats
Found in animal products e.g. steak, dairy products
- increase LDL
Monounsaturated fats
Found in avocado, olive oil
- increase HDL
Polyunsaturated Fats
Found in fish
- increase HDL and decreases LDL
LDL
Low density lipoprotein - carry cholesterol and deposit it on inside of artery walls which can build-up (atherosclerosis) and cause blockage leading to heart attack or stroke.
- LDL = Lethal/unhealthy
HDL
High density lipoprotein - carry cholesterol away from arteries back to the liver where it is broken down therefore decrease risk of blockages in arteries.
- HDL = Helpful/Healthy
Obesity/Overweight
Excess adipose tissue
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
A group of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels e.g. heart attack, stroke.
Satiety
Feeling of fullness
Lipoprotein
Carries cholesterol to and from cells.
Cholesterol
A waxy, fat like substance found in the body essential for some metabolic processes like the production of hormones.
Atherosclerosis
A thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque (cholesterol) in the inner lining of an artery.
A type of cardiovascular disease that can lead to heart attack and/or stroke.
Heart attack
When blood vessels feeding the heart oxygen become blocked.
Stroke
When blood vessels feeding the brain oxygen become blocked or damaged.
