Nutrition

Question 1

2D. Functions of Carbohydrates.

Answer 1

• Breaks down into glucose.
• Important form of fuel for physical activities.
• Stored in the muscles and liver as glycogen.
• Limited storage of 500g.
• Inadequate intake can lead to tiredness, lack of energy and underpeformance.

Question 2

2D. Differences between Complex and Simple Carbohydrates.

Answer 2

Complex:
- Longer chains of sugar.
- Gradual, slower release of energy.
- Contains fibre, vitamins and minerals.
Simple:
- Sugars break down and release quicker.
- Mainly found in refined and processed foods.
- Should be limited.
- Can lead to excessive calorie intake.

Question 3

2D. Functions of Protein

Answer 3

• Vital for health; supports the growth, repair and maintenance of body cells and tissues.
• Amino acids = building blocks of proteins.
• Body cannot produce essential amino acids.
• Sources = HBV/Animal, LBV/Plant.
• Animal sources can be high in saturated fat.

Question 4

2D. Functions of Fat

Answer 4

• Essential for proper body function.
• Supports cell growth.
• Protects organs.
• Maintains body temperature.
• Excessive intake = weight gain.

Question 5

2D. Good Fats vs Bad Fats

Answer 5

Good Fats:
E.g.; Omega 3 and Mono/poly and unsaturated fats.
- Promote healthy cholesterol levels.
- Decreases the risk of heart disease. 
Sources; Avacado, almonds and fish.

Bad Fats:
E.g.; Saturated, partial hydrogenation and trans fats.
- Increases the risk of heart disease.
- Increases the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Question 6

2D. Nutritional Strategies: Carb-loading.