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YR12 FOOD TECH > nutrition > Flashcards

nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

define malnutrition

A

MALNUTRITION is a condition where one or more nutrients are not supplied to the body in correct amounts.

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2
Q

what are diseases that result from over-nutrition?

A
  • Obesity
  • Hypertension
  • Dental caries
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3
Q

what are diet related diseases?

A
  • Diabetes

- Food intolerance/allergies

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4
Q

what are diseases that result from undernutrition?

A
  • Anorexia nervosa
  • Bulimia nervosa
  • Constipation/diverticulitis
  • osteoporosis
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5
Q

what causes obesity

A

When energy intake is greater than energy expenditure

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6
Q

what are the physical affects of obesity?

A
  • Excess energy is stored in adipose tissue
  • Extra workload for cardiovascular system
  • Fatigue
  • Stress on body joints
  • Reduced body temp. control
  • Associated conditions: diabetes, CVD, respiratory diseases
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7
Q

economic costs of obesity?

A
  • Cost of hospital treatment
  • Surgery
  • Medicine
  • Toll on ability to work
  • Absenteeism
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8
Q

what is dental carries

A

An infectious disease that can lead to cavities (small holes) in the tooth structure that compromises both the structure and the health of the tooth

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9
Q

causes of dental caries

A
  • Poor dental practices
  • Diet high in sugar
  • Sugar reacts with bacteria in mouth to produce acid
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10
Q

physical effects of dental caries

A
  • Decay on enamel causes nerve exposure in tooth, then toothache
  • Bad breath
  • Loss of teeth
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11
Q

economic costs of dental caries

A
  • Cost of dental treatments (i.e. fillings, crowns and dentures)
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12
Q

what is the condition that results from inadequate iron?

A

anaemia

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13
Q

what does inadequate calcium cause?

A

osteoporissis

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14
Q

what is type 2 diabetes

A

Diabetes Type II

Type 2 diabetes Is a progressive condition in which the body becomes resistant to the normal effects of insulin and/or gradually loses the capacity to produce enough insulin in the oancreas.

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15
Q

causes of diabetes type 2

A
  • Usually develops in adults over the age of 45
  • Physical inactivity
  • Poor nutrition
  • High blood sugar levels
  • History of smoking, drugs…
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16
Q

physical affects of type 2 diabetes

A
  • Excess blood glucose causes: diabetic coma in extreme cases, high urination and thirst
  • Energy source comes from adipose tissue as glucose is not available
  • Weight loss muscle wasting can occur
  • Renal failure due to excess use of kidneys
  • Can cause blood flow problems
17
Q

costs of type 2 diabetes

A
  • High cost of medication
  • Constant testing of blood sugar levels
  • Health problems that result can be expensive to treat
18
Q

what is cvd

A

Cardiovascular Disease

CVD is used to describe many conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. CVD includes coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure.

19
Q

how to diagnose CVD

A

Blood tests

Angiogram

EKG/ECG

MRI

XRAY

Blood pressure monitoring

20
Q

what is cvd caused by

A

Hardening of arteries (arteriosclerosis) is caused by a collection of fat (cholesterol) along artery walls, resulting in narrowing of arteries, restricting blood flow to the heart

21
Q

physical affects of cvd

A
  • Heart attacks can result in restricted oxygen supply to heart muscle
  • Strokes can also occur if blockage is in the brain
22
Q

economic costs of cvd

A
  • Most expensive disease in terms of amount of people suffering that need to be treated
  • Expensive in terms of medication and surgery costs
  • Recuperative time is long
  • Time off work is extensive.
23
Q

what is anorexia nervosa

A

Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa is amental illness and eating disorder involving self-induced weight loss by controlling the consumption of little to no food, coupled with rigorous exercise.

24
Q

cause of anorexia nervosa

A

Psychological obsession with weight loss which can be triggered by a number of factors:

  • Puberty onset
  • Low self-esteem
  • Influence of media on body image perception
25
Q

physical affects of anorexia nervosa

A
  • Muscle wasting
  • Abnormally low body weight
  • Absence of consecutive menstrual cycle
  • Slowing of pulse and basal metabolic rate
  • Low blood pressure
  • Anaemia
  • Tooth decay due to HCI acid from vomiting
  • Death in extreme cases
  • Burnt oesophagus
26
Q

economic costs of anorexia

A
  • Due ot major occurrence happening from teens to early adulthood, effect on unemployment
  • Use of expensive resources to treat the condition (i.e. overseas clinics)
  • Psychological counselling
  • Special wards
27
Q

what is bullima nervosa

A

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterised by a distorted body image and obsessive desire to lose weight, where extreme overeating and uncontrollable bingeing episodes are followed by fasting and self-induced vomiting

28
Q

causes of bulimia nervosa

A

Anxiety
Low self-esteem
Stressful life events
Personality factors

29
Q

physical affects of bullima

A
  • Weight loss not prevalent due to huge food intake
  • Abuse of laxatives can lead to bowl dysfunction
  • Tooth decay due to HCI acid from vomiting
  • Burnt oesophagus
30
Q

economic costs of biullima

A
  • Counsellors and dietitians need to be assigned in hospital
  • Medical cost
  • Family support and community support groups

YR12 FOOD TECH (11 decks)

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