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LYW > nutrition > Flashcards

nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

two vitamins that are not fat soluble

A

B and C

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2
Q

formal name fir vutanub A

A

retubik

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3
Q

formal name vitamin E

A

tocopherol (took of E-rol)

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4
Q

vitamin K formal name

A

phylloquinone (file o canines)

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5
Q

formal name B1

A

thiamine (only one, mine)

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6
Q

formal name B2

A

riboflavin(ri-both-flavin)

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7
Q

B3 formal name

A

niacin

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8
Q

B5 name

A

pantothenic acid (think oof pantothenic acid)

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9
Q

B6 name

A

pyridoxin (think of pyrido6ine)

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10
Q

B9 name

A

folate (if a fool come late its benign aka be-9

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11
Q

b12 name

A

cyanocobalamin

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12
Q

worldwide most common cause of blindness in young chidren

A

vitamin A

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13
Q

vitamin A toxicity causes

A

pseudotumor ceregri

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14
Q

what is nyctalopia

A

night blindness- vitamin A deficiency oten

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15
Q

xeropthalmia

A

dry eyes, can be vitamin A def

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16
Q

large tongue, macrocytiuc anemia, goats milk

A

B9 deficiency

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17
Q

4 RF for cyanocobalamin Def

A

vegans, parasites, IBD, small bowel resection (NEC)

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18
Q

bleeding gums, leg tenderness, poor wound healing

A

vitamin C deficiency

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19
Q

high doses of vitamin C can cuse

A

nephrocalcinosisaka oxalate and cysteine stones. can also trigger hemolytic crisis in G6PD

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20
Q

vitamin E def in preemeies

A

hemolytic anemia

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21
Q

vitamin E def in older kids

A

nueropathies, peripheral edema, thrombocytoesis, muscle weakness (E punctures cells– edema, erythrocyte explosion, elevated pat)

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22
Q

tox of vitamin E

A

liver tox (controversial)

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23
Q

what is ergocalciferol

A

D2 (2 c’s)

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24
Q

what is cholecalciferol

A

D3 (3cs)

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25
Q

what is calcidiol

A

25-OH-vitamin D= the ONLY one in the liver, stored thre

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26
Q

1,25-OH-calciferol is what, does what

A

kidney vitamin D. calledcalcitrioll. active metabolite of vitamin D. increases calcium absorption in gut and releases it into blood from bone. 2 kidneys, 2 hydroxy groups

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27
Q

what do you check when checking vitamin D level

A

25-OH-vitamin D (storage form)

28
Q

high vitamin D tox–> ?

A

hyperCa, hyperPhos, n/v/weakness, polyuria, polydipsia, elevated BUN, kidney stones, sometimes kidney failure

29
Q

caloric needs formula

A

100kcal/kg for first 10, 50kcal/kg for second 10kg, 20 kcal.kg for everything else. this also = 1500kcal for first 20 kg and then 20/kg for each additional

30
Q

premature babies should attain normal height when

A

2 years old

31
Q

infant caloric needs

A

100-120kcal/kg/day

32
Q

protein needs of premature infants

A

3.5 g/kg/day

33
Q

fun term infant protein ned

A

2-2.5 kcal/kg/day for first 6 months

34
Q

4 key electrolytes that determine renal solute loss

A

Na, K, Cl, Phos

35
Q

recommended concentration of iron in iron for4tified formula

A

12 mg/L

36
Q

infants who receive >50% of their calories from BM need iron supplementation starting when

A

4 months of age

37
Q

true milk allergy requires what foremula

A

elemental (soy has cross reactivity)

38
Q

2 indications for protein hydrolysate formula

A

allergy to intact milk protein, allergy to soy protein

39
Q

what is FPIES

A

non IgE mediated severe cow milk protein intolerance , presents around 3 months. treat with hyrolysex formula

40
Q

deficiency: scaly dermatitis, alopecia, thrombocytopenia. What is missing, and how to treat

A

essential fatty acids. Treat with IV lipids focusing on linoleum acid [memory tool: thin fish has scales coming off that turn into platelets and the fish is then bald]

41
Q

acrodermatitis enteropathica is what

A

inherited condition of minimal zinc absorption. Autosomal recessive

42
Q

infant who just was breastfeeding and transitioned now has eczema, alopecia, and lessons around the mouth

A

zinc deficiency

43
Q

how do you differentiate eczema from acrodermatitis

A

zinc def= no lichenification

44
Q

what is menses kinky hair syndrome

A

X linked disorder with low serum copper, low serum cerwuloplasim, tissue copper is high, there is pili tori aka twisted hairs (tissue copper is how you separate it fro mWilsoms)

45
Q

are there vision changes in Wilsoms

A

no

46
Q

how do you diagnose wilsoms

A

liver biopsy

47
Q

difference in fat between preemie formula and breast miolk

A

preemie= 50% OF TOTAL FAT IS MEDIUM CHAIN TGS and those are water double. Mature BM is only 12%

48
Q

if you give a VLBW infant too much phos, what happens

A

hypocalcemia, tetany, seizres

49
Q

how to calculate caloric needs

A

100 kcal/kg for first 10, 50 for next 10, 20 for the rest. OR 1500 for the fist 20 then 20 for each after

50
Q

compare colostrum to mature milk

A

more protein, less fat, less lactose, less energy than mature milk

51
Q

four nutrients that are lower in mature milk than in colostrum

A

arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, zinc, ergo cholecalciferol

52
Q

infant on cows milk before one year of age can develop what electrolyte derrangement

A

hypocalcemia because cows milk has way more phos

53
Q

compare protein source in human milk, cow milk, milk based cow formula, and soy formula

A

human is 70% whey, 30% casein. CZow is 20% whey, 80% casein. Cow formula is 20-100% whey, 0-80% casein, soy is 100% soy

54
Q

major carb: compare in human milk, cow milk, milk based cow formula, and soy formula

A

all are lactose except for soy formula which is corn syrup or sucrose

55
Q

name the fat source in human milk, cow milk, milk based cow formula, and soy formula

A

human= human milk fat, cow milk = butterfat, formula are both vegetal oil

56
Q

compare iron in breast milk vs formula

A

breastmilk has LESS iron but MORE bioavailable iron

57
Q

compare protein # in cows milk vs human milk

A

cows milk has MORE protein

58
Q

compare height and bone age for a child who A) is fat from overeating vs b) fat from genetic or hormonal reasons

A

a) tall with advance bone age b) short with delayed

59
Q

medical risk of drinking a lot of diet soda

A

high phosphoric cid content can lead to osteopenia

60
Q

define marasmus

A

general nutritional deficiency with muscle wasting WITHOUT edema, normal hair, underweight

61
Q

most common complication of NG feeding

A

diarrhea

62
Q

second most common complication of NG feeding

A

GE reflux

63
Q

most SEVERE complication with NG feeding

A

vomiting with aspiration

64
Q

what type of nutritional problems do you see with liver disease

A

risk of poor fat absorption- fat absorbing vitamins, rickets

65
Q

nutritional guidance for renal disease- calories, electrolytes, protein

A

70% of calories should be carbs, lipids <20%, protein up to 0.5-2 g/kg/day, low phos formula if infant

66
Q

4 nutrients needed to optimize wound healing

A

C, A, zinc, and iron

67
Q

special diet recs for burn patient

A

high carb, increased calcium, increased magnesium

LYW (8 decks)

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