nutrition

Question 1

definition

Answer 1

process by which organisms obtain energy to maintain life functions and matter to create and maintain structure

Question 2

autotrophic types

Answer 2

• chemoautotrophic

- photoautotrophic

Question 3

heterotrophic types

Answer 3

• saprotrophic
• parisitic
• holozoic

Question 4

autotrophs

Answer 4

manufacture complex organic molecules from simple inorganic raw materials

-chemoautotrophs
use chemical energy from chemical reactions
e.g some bacteria

-photoautotrophs
use sunlight as energy sauce, organic material
e.g photosynthesis (algae)

Question 5

digestion for unicellular organisms

amoeba

Answer 5

• use holozoic nutrition
• large SA:V
• small food molecules by diffusion, active transport
• intracellular
• large food molecules (endocytosis)

Question 6

sapotrophic

e.g rhizomes, all fungi

Answer 6

-feed on dead
-secrete enzymes
extracellular (go onto food outside body)
-absorption (soluble products absorbed across cell membrane)

Question 7

parasitic

Answer 7

-obtain nutrients by living in or on host

endoparasite (in body)
e.g tapeworm

ectoparasite (out of body)
e.g flea

Question 8

holozoic

Answer 8

-ingesting, digesting, absorbing, assimilating, egesting
-specialised digestive system
herbivore (plants)
carnivore (meat)
omnivore (meat and plant)
detrivore (dead material)

Question 9

parasite and predator

Answer 9

predator
-hunts, kill then eat

parasite
-feeds in/on host NOT KILL!

Question 10

earthworm

tube gut

Answer 10

• anterior + posterior end
• food ingested through mouth
• waste tested by anus

Question 11

hydra

single body opening

Answer 11

-cylindrical, tentacles surrounding mouth
-basal disc attach to leaves or twigs
-tentacles extend, paralyse prey, move into mouth
-endodermal cells secrete, digest prey, products absorbed
-indigestable by mouth
EXTRACELLULAR