Nucleic acids Flashcards

1
Q

Genetic Code

A

-linear
-triplet
-non overlapping
degenerate
-unambiguous
-universal
code for production of polypeptides

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2
Q

triplet code

A
  • polynucleotide strand has 3 times the number of bases than amino acid chain
  • 3 bases removed polypeptide would have fewer amino acids
  • if polypeptide has 3 more bases polypeptide has more amino acid
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3
Q

Characteristics

A
  • triplet code= 3 bases code for each amino acid
  • 64 codes (only 20 amino acids founds in proteins)
  • punctuated= 3 non coding codes (stop codon)
  • universal= all organisms have same triplet code for amino acid
  • non overlapping= each base occurs only occurs in 1 triplet
  • degenerate= more than one codon for each amino acid
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4
Q

Protein synthesis

A

sequence of bases represents information carried in DNA and determines sequence of amino acids in proteins

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5
Q

Transcription

-definition

A
  • one strand of DNA acts as template for production of mRNA (complementary)
  • occurs in nucleus
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6
Q

Translation

-definition

A
  • mRNA acts as template to where complementary tRNA molecules
  • amino acids link to form polypeptide
  • occurs on ribosomes in cytoplasm
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7
Q

Transcription

-process

A
  • DNA helices breaks H bond
  • two strands separate and unwind (bases exposed)
  • RNA polymerase binds to template strand of DNA
  • RNA nucleotides align
  • RNA polymerase moves along DNA to form bonds adding RNA nucleotides
  • synthesis of molecule of mRNA
  • RNA polymerase separates from template strand when reach stop codon
  • new RNA detaches from DNA
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8
Q

Translation

-process

A
  • mRNA small so leaves through nuclear pore
  • goes to ribosomes containing rRNA
  • reads code and polypeptide assembled
  • tRNA collects amino acid and takes to ribosomes
  • built to make polypeptide
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9
Q

Ribosomal RNA

A

site of translation of genetic code into protein

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10
Q

Transfer RNA

A
  • single stranded
  • folds to clover leaf shape
  • one end is amino acid attachment site
  • one end sequence of 3 bases (anti codon)
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11
Q

remaining combinations

A
  • some start stop

- several triplets code for amino acids

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12
Q

DNA function in cells

A

-forms code for protein synthesis

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13
Q

Mutation

A
  • base sequence codes for different MRNA sequence
  • wrong amino acid
  • wrong protein
  • wrong function
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14
Q

ensure correct amino acid added

A
  • each tRNA has specific linkage with one amino acid type
  • tRNA joins to mRNA
  • codon joins base pairs with anti codon of tRNA
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15
Q

after translation

A
  • B moves to space and adds amino acid to chain
  • A released to combine with other identical amino acid
  • B moves to A’s position
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