Nutrients Flashcards
6 basic food ingredients
- What 4 basic food ingredients are macronutrients?
- The other 2 basic food ingredients are micronutrients, what are they?
- Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water
2. Vitamins, minerals
What are the two differences between macronutrients and micronutrients?
- Macronutients are required on a daily basis in larger amounts
- Micronutrients are smaller nutrients
What are macromolecules made up of?
Polymers and monomers
What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer?
A polymer is made up of many monomers, and a monomer is a single molecule
- What do carbohydrates provide?
2. What do carbohydrates contain?
- Most of the body’s energy
2. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
- If there is only one sugar molecule it is known as a ________.
- If there are two it is a ____________.
- When there are a whole bunch, it is a __________.
- Monosaccharide
- Disaccharide
- Polysaccharide
- Monosaccharides are absorbed directly into the bloodstream and converted into ______.
- Glucose is made from _________.
- Fructose is found in _______.
- glucose
- plants
- fruits
- What must first happen before disaccharides can be used as energy?
- What is the structure of maltose?
- What is the most common disaccharide and what is its structure?
- must be converted into monosaccharides
- glucose+glucose
- Sucrose=fructose+glucose
What are the two important polysaccharides from plants?
Starch and cellulose
What is starch broken down into?
Glucose
- Can cellulose be digested?
2 What does it provide? - Another form of cellulose is called _____ and can be found in the shells of…
- No
- Fiber
- Chitin and can be found in the shells of crustaceans and shellfish
- What is the function of proteins?
2. What is a protein made up of?
- Helps the body to grow and repair tissues
2. A bunch of polypeptides (A bunch of amino acids stuck together)
When are proteins a source of energy?
Only when carbohydrates and fats are severely restricted
- What do lipids serve as?
2. What does it protect and provide?
- Source of energy
2. Protects organs and provides insulation
What is the structure of a lipid?
Triglycerides (type of lipid) contains one glycerol molecule and 3 long fatty acids
- What kind of fats can triglycerides be classified as?
- What is a “straight” fatty acid?
- What is a “kinked” fatty acid?
- Saturated and unsaturated fats
- Saturated fat
- Unsaturated fat
- A saturated fat can tightly pack itself onto one another and result in a ____ at room temperature.
- A diet rich in saturated fats is believed to cause ____.
- An unsaturated fat is kinked and cannot pack itself onto another molecule resulting in it being a ____ at room temperature.
- Solid
- Heart disease
- Liquid
- How are trans fats made?
2. What do trans fats do?
- By adding hydrogen and a high amount of pressure to vegetable oil
- Fat is created and it clogs arteries and eats up good cholesterol
What are the two categories that vitamins fit into?
Water soluble or fat soluble
- What are the two groups minerals fit into?
- What’s the difference between those two groups?
- What are mineral salts necessary for?
- What are the two mineral salts often lost through sweating during exercise and can be replaced by drinking/eating?
- Trace minerals and major minerals
- Trace minerals = needed in small quantity. Major minerals = required in greater quantity
- Functions as nerve function and muscle contraction
- Sodium and potassium
- What is scurvy?
2. What does scurvy lead to?
- Deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin C
2. Formation of liver spots on skin, spongy gums, bleeding from all mucous membranes
Rickets
- What is vitamin D required for?
- What is caused by the absence of vitamin D?
- Proper calcium absorption from the gut
- Dietary calcium is not properly absorbed, resulting in hypocalcemia, leading to skeletal and dental deformities and neuromuscular symptoms
Water accounts for over ____ your body weight and makes up over ____ of the fluid part of the body.
Half, 90%
What are water’s 4 main functions?
- Homeostasis
- Helps carry nutrients to body tissues
- Helps carry waste products from tissues
- Participates in chemical reaction
