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Nutrients > Nutrients > Flashcards

Nutrients Flashcards

0
Q

What are the three main types of carbohydrates ?

A

Simple sugars, complex carbohydrates and non starch polysaccharides

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1
Q

What is the main function of carbohydrate ?

A

Energy

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2
Q

Simple sugars are made up of ….

A

Monosaccharides and disaccharides

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3
Q

What are the three monosaccharides

A

Glucose, fructose and galactose

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4
Q

Where is glucose found

A

Fruits and veg and can be used in tablet, liquid or powder form for athletes

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5
Q

Where is fructose found

A

Honey

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6
Q

Where is galactose found

A

Dosnt exist in foods , produced when lactose is broken down in digestion

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7
Q

What are the three disaccharides

A

Sucrose, lactose and maltose

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8
Q

Where is sucrose found ?

A

Ordinary household sugar

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9
Q

Where is lactose found ?

A

Milk

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10
Q

Where is maltose used ?

A

The brewing industry

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11
Q

What two different forms of sugar are there

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic

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12
Q

What is intrinsic sugar

A

Sugar that is found naturally in the cells of fruit and vegetables

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13
Q

What is extrinsic sugar

A

Sugars which you can see , such as cans sugar and syrup

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14
Q

What are polysaccharides

A

Complex carbohydrates formed from hundreds of glucose molecules strung together

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15
Q

What are the two types of polysaccharides ?

A

Starch or fibre

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16
Q

Where is starch found ?

A

Bread, rice ,cereals, potatoes, pasta

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17
Q

Give four functions of fibre

A

Adds bulk to faeces, creates a feeling of fullness, controls blood sugar levels and lowers cholesterol

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18
Q

Give some sources of fibre

A

Beans , whole grain, wholemeal bread, seeds, nuts, potato skins, dried fruit, bran based cereal

19
Q

How much fibre should we be eating ?

A

No less than 18g a day

20
Q

What is soluble fibre ?

A

Fibre that can be digested by your body

21
Q

What is insoluble fibre

A

Fibre which can’t be digested , it passes through stomach without being broken down and helps other foods move through the digestive system more easily

22
Q

Give the functions of fat for the body

A

Supply of energy, important in body structures as a protective layer, heat insulator, allows fat soluble vitamins to be absorbed

23
Q

What are the 2 types of fats

A

Saturated and unsaturated

24
Q

What do the carbon chains look like in SATURATED FATS

A

Carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible

25
Q

Give some saturated fat products

A

Hard cheese, cake, pastries, pie, chocolate, crisps, lard

26
Q

Too much saturated fat can increase ….

A

The amount of cholesterol in the blood and increases risk of CHD

27
Q

Saturated fats are normally ……..at room temp

A

Solid

28
Q

Unsaturated fats are usually …..at room temp

A

Soft or liquid

29
Q

Unsaturated fats can be divided into what two groups

A

Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated

30
Q

What does the carbon chain look like in monounsaturated fats

A

Has one double bond

31
Q

Give some monounsaturated fat products

A

Avocado, olive oil , olive spread and ground nut oil

32
Q

Monounsaturated products are mainly from ….

A

Plants

33
Q

A polyunsaturated fatty acid molecule has ….

A

Several double bonds in the carbon chain

34
Q

Give some polyunsaturated fatty acid examples

A

Corn oil , soya oil, sunflower oil

35
Q

What are trans-unsaturated fatty acids ?

A

Unsaturated fatty acids that have been partly saturated through a process of hydrogenation ( adding hydrogen )

36
Q

What is the purpose of hydrogenation ?

A

To make a liquid fat into a solid fat. Prolongs the shelf life because saturated fats become rancid more slowly than unsaturated fats

37
Q

What is cholesterol

A

A type of fat but it does not produce any energy

38
Q

Where is cholesterol found ?

A

All animal cells and tissues but not vegetables or plants

39
Q

What are the two main types of cholesterol

A

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol

High density lipoprotein cholesterol

40
Q

LDL cholesterol is linked to ….

A

Coronary heart disease. LDL cholesterol causes plaques to form on artery walls which can lead to atherosclerosis and blocked arteries

41
Q

HDL cholesterol may help to protect against….

A

Heart disease

42
Q

How does fibre create bulk to faeces

A

Causes faeces to become bulky because it hasn’t been digested. Reduces risk of constipation

43
Q

How does fibre create feeling of fullness

A

Fibre rich foods absorb a lot of water and expand, making stomach expand, making person feel fuller.
Fibre also stays in stomach longer

44
Q

How does fibre control blood sugar levels

A

Controls blood sugar levels by slowing down the rate at which the food leaves the stomach, delays how quickly glucose is absorbed after it is consumed, meaning blood sugar levels don’t rise as quickly.

45
Q

How does fibre lower cholesterol

A

Ability to reduce the amount of bile reabsorbed in the intestines. When fibre interferes with absorption of bile, the bile is excreted in faeces . The loss of bile is made up by bile salts. ( the body uses cholesterol to do this )

46
Q

Functions of water

A 
Avoids dehydration
Helps digestion 
Essential for chemical reactions 
Lubrication between joints and cells 
Regulates body temp

Nutrients (4 decks)

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