Nutrients

Question 1

What is the definition of a nutrient?

Answer 1

An element or compound required for animal survival and/or maximal productivity

Question 2

What is a Dietary Indispensable (Essential) nutrient?

Answer 2

Nutrients that must be consumed (included in diet) to support life and productivity

Question 3

What is a Dietary Dispensable nutrient?

Answer 3

Nutrients that can be synthesized by animals in adequate quantities provided by precursors are available

Question 4

What are metabolic essentials?

Answer 4

Essential nutrients needed by the body, but is not directly fed

Question 5

What is an example of a metabolic essential?

Answer 5

Cobalt is given as a dietary supplement to help animal produce more vitamin B12

Question 6

What are the 6 indispensable nutrients?

Answer 6

1. carbohydrates
2. proteins
3. lipids
4. vitamins
5. minerals
6. water

Question 7

What is the ratio of carbon:hydrogen:ooxygen?

Answer 7

1:2:1

Question 8

What is the primary sugar used for fuel?

Answer 8

Glucose

Question 9

What do starches do?

Answer 9

Provide storage in plants

Question 10

What does glycogen do?

Answer 10

Provides storage in animals

Question 11

what does cellulose/hemicellulose do?

Answer 11

Provides structural components in plants
ex: cell wall

Question 12

What are volatile fatty acids?

Answer 12

Main energy source in ruminants

Question 13

How are VFA created?

Answer 13

By fermentation of carbs in the rumen

Question 14

What are the main components of fermentation end products?

Answer 14

1. acetate
2. propionate
3. butyrate
4. lactate (not VFA)

Question 15

What produces acetate?

Answer 15

cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacteria

Question 16

What is acetate high in?

Answer 16

higher roughage levels and fat synthesis

Question 17

What is propionate high in?

Answer 17

high in concentrate levels and feed efficiency

Question 18

What is the energy source for rumen wall productivity? (papillae growth)

Answer 18

Butyrate

Question 19

What makes the rumen and blood pH lower?

Answer 19

Lactate

Question 20

What FEP (fermentation end product) inhibits most microbial growth?

Answer 20

Lactate

Question 21

What heightens fat synthesis once absorbed into the blood?

Answer 21

Butyrate

Question 22

What types of carbohydrates are there?

Answer 22

• starch (amylopectin and amylose)
• glucose
• cellulose

Question 23

What increases propionate?

Answer 23

Higher concentration levels, more seeds = more propionate

Question 24

What VFA byproduct may cause acidosis?

Answer 24

Lactate because lactate is high in acid

Question 25

What is true protein?

Answer 25

protein that is composed of only amino acids

Question 26

What is non-protein nitrogen (NPN)?

Answer 26

compounds which are not true protein in nature, but contain N and can be converted to protein by bacterial action

Question 27

What is crude protein?

Answer 27

protein which is composed of true protein and any other nitrogenous source (true protein + NPN)

Question 28

What is the equation for crude protein?

Answer 28

%N x 6.25 = CP

Question 29

What are 10 essential amino acids?

Answer 29

• Methionine
• arginine
• threonine
• tryptophan
• histidine
• isoleucine
• leucine
• lysine
• valine
• phenylalanine