Forages 1 & 2

Question 1

What is continuous grazing?

Answer 1

Where cattle are left out in a pasture and they can roam/eat freely

Question 2

Advantages to continuous grazing

Answer 2

• little to no management
• cost effective
  -best for maximizing animal production

Question 3

Disadvantages to continuous grazing

Answer 3

• Most detrimental to pasture due to patch grazing

Question 4

What is stocking rate?

Answer 4

Used to calculate to make sure pastures aren’t overstocked

Question 5

What is included in stock rate?

Answer 5

1. size of pasture
2. # of animals
3. time

Question 6

What does AUM/ac stand for?

Answer 6

Animal Unit Months per Acre

Question 7

What is AUM/ac?

Answer 7

Amount of feed consumed one month

Question 8

What is defoliation?

Answer 8

leaf removed from the stem/plant

Question 9

Where do plants store energy?

Answer 9

roots

Question 10

What is harvest efficiency?

Answer 10

amount of forage grazing animals actually consume

Question 11

Why do we clip pastures?

Answer 11

Figure out how much forage there is

Question 12

What is rotational grazing?

Answer 12

Four sections of pasture, cows are let into one part for X amount of time then moved to the next section

Question 13

Advantages of rotational grazing?

Answer 13

• allows rest and growth for the pasture
• no re grazing

Question 14

Disadvantages of rotational grazing?

Answer 14

• lower forage production
• high maintenance (checking cattle, maintain fences, maintain water)

Question 15

What is strip grazing?

Answer 15

Fences are laid out horizontally to section out the pasture. Cattle are moved down after X amount of weeks

Question 16

Advantages of strip grazing

Answer 16

dramatically increases efficiency

Question 17

What is mob grazing?

Answer 17

Cattles are given a small area of pasture to graze for only a little bit of time before they’re moved to the next

Question 18

Advantages to mob grazing

Answer 18

• prevents animal’s selectivity
• improves quality of soil

Question 19

Disadvantages of mob grazing

Answer 19

• average daily gain is worse
• really high stock rate

Question 20

What causes Gras Tetany (hypomagnesemia)

Answer 20

low blood Mg levels

Question 21

Symptoms of Gras Tetany

Answer 21

• reduced appetite
  -staggering gate
• muscular tremors
• paddling of feed
• frequent pee and poo
• dull appearance
  -increased nervousness
• excitability
• coma

Question 22

What is the cause of bloat?

Answer 22

Excess amount of gas in rumen, some legumes cause bloating issues

Question 23

Symptoms of bloat

Answer 23

• discomfort
• labored breathing
• sudden collapse
• frequent pee and poo

Question 24

What causes prussic acid poisoning (hydrocyanic acid)?

Answer 24

Cattle eat forages like sorghum that contains cyanide producing compounds

Question 25

Symptoms of prussic acid poisoning

Answer 25

- labored breathing - staggering - foaming of mouth - severe convulsions

Question 26

What causes milk fever?

Answer 26

Insufficient calcium

Question 27

Symptoms of milk fever

Answer 27

- muscular weakness - subnormal temp - increased heart rate - sternal recumbency

Question 28

What causes sweet clover disease?

Answer 28

Spoiled clovers can create coumarin which is toxic

Question 29

Symptoms of sweet clover disease

Answer 29

- stiffness - lameness- - swelling beneath skin primarily at the hips, brisket, or neck

Question 30

Define a forage

Answer 30

total plant material available to be consumed by an animal

Question 31

Define roughage

Answer 31

dietary components are high in fiber (cellulose and hemicellulose)

Question 32

Define herbage

Answer 32

plant material that does not include the seeds or roots and can be utilized as food

Question 33

Define rangeland

Answer 33

indigenous vegetation is predominantly grasses, grass-like plants, forbes or shrubs

Question 34

Define pastureland

Answer 34

mixture of indigenous and introduced forages harvested by grazing (sometimes highly managed)