Nutrients

Question 1

What are nutrients

Answer 1

Components taken from food through digestion to fulfill functions in our body.

Question 2

What are macronutrients and what are micronutrients?

Answer 2

Macronutrients are found in large amounts in food and needed by the body in large amounts

Micronutrients aee found in small amounts in food and needed by the body in small amounts

Question 3

Give macronutrients and micronutrients

Answer 3

Macronutrients- carbohydrates,proteins and fat
Micronutrients -vitamins and minerals

Question 4

What is the function of carbohydrates and what are the types of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Gives the body energy
1.starch
2.fiber
3.sugar
Components include carbon hydrogen and oxygen

Question 5

What are the functions of proteins

Answer 5

It is essential for growth and repair of the tissue
It keeps the cells healthy

Question 6

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 6

Made up of building blocks called amino acids
Essential amino acids that cannot be produced by the body need to be consumed

Question 7

There are proteins from plants and proteins from animals and proteins from plants. Explain the difference between the two

Answer 7

Protein from animals sources contain all of the essential amino acids e.g meat,fish and milk etc
Proteins from plants contain fewer amino Acids and should be combined e.g nuts,soybean or lentils etc

Question 8

Uses and functions of fats and oil’s

Answer 8

Heat insulation
Protecting internal organs
Transports vitamin a d e k which are fat soluble
Energy

Question 9

What are the differences between saturated fats and unsaturated fats

Answer 9

Saturated fats
Most animals fats
Solid at room temperature
High concentration of fat molecules

Unsaturated fats
Mostly plants fat
Liquid at room temperature
Lower concentration of fat molecules

Question 10

Difference between fat soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamins

Answer 10

Fat soluble -dissolve in fat needs fat droplets to transport vit a d e k
Water soluble - dissolves in water. Can be transported by our blood

Question 11

Name the uses of vitamin a and sources

Answer 11

Helps with good vision
Helps with healthy skin
Resistance to infection
Sources include: orange coloured fruits or vegetables
liver
Green leafy vegetables
Fortified cereals and fats

Question 12

Uses of vitamin d and the sources

Answer 12

Helps the body absorb calcium better
Prevents rickets
Aids in bone and muscle development
Sources: sunlight on skin
Fortified cereals and fats

Question 13

Uses of vitamin bi- thiamine and the sources

Answer 13

Helps release energy
Involved in the normal function of the nervous system

Sources are whole grains,nuts,meat, fortified cereals

Question 14

Uses of vitamin B2 riboflavin and its sources

Answer 14

Releases energy from protein carbohydrates and fats
transport and use of iron
Include: milk eggs liver legumes green vegetables

Question 15

What are the uses of vitamin b3 niacin and what are the sources

Answer 15

Release energy from food
required for normal function of skin mucous membrane and nervous system
sources include meat with eggs dairy and yeast

Question 16

Are the uses of vitamin c and what are the sources

Answer 16

Boost your immune system
assists in absorption of iron
assist in making collagen healthy skin
aids in healing of wounds
sources includes citrus fruits tomatoes mangoes berries mangoes berries peppers

Question 17

What are the uses and functions of calcium and what are the sources of calcium

Answer 17

Build strong bones and teeth
blood clotting
helps with normal muscle function sources include
milk or dairy products
broccoli and cabbage
fish eaten with bones

Question 18

What are the uses and functions of iron and what are the sources

Answer 18

Forms red blood cells haemoglobin
carries oxygen to the body
reduces tiredness and fatigue
sources include
red meat
liver
green leafy vegetables
eggs
dark chocolate
fish
nuts and pulses

Question 19

what are uses of sodium or salt and sources

Answer 19

Against muscle cramp
too much
high blood pressure
regulating amount of water
sources include most processed food

Question 20

What is energy balance explain

Answer 20

Body stays the same after all energy is outputted if you use up more energy you will lose weight if you don’t use energy you’d wait if we consume the same amount of energy that we spend in one day the body is energy is in balance if we consume more than what is spend the energy will stored and causing weight gain if we consume less than what is spent the body will use energy from storage causing weight loss energy balance equals amount of energy input and output

Question 21

What is hydration function and what are the sources of hydration

Answer 21

Main component of blood and saliva transport nutrients and enzymes regulates body temperature
help get rid of waste prevent constipation
acts as a lubricant for joints and eyes
sources include drinking water fruits and vegetables fruit juice or vegetable juice dietary food like soup or stew milk tea and coffee yoghurt

Question 22

Much water do you need

Answer 22

You need about 6 to 8 glasses per day

Question 23

People at the risk of hydration are

Answer 23

Older people
children and babies
pregnant woman
active people
people with illnesses

Question 24

Symptoms of dehydration

Answer 24

Headaches
urine dark
fatigue
dizziness
dry eyes and mouth or lips

Question 25

Explain energy

Answer 25

Energy is the power to do work. It is measured in kilojoules and kilocalories. We all need energy to grow stay alive and who keep warm and be active. Energy is essential for life and is required to fuel many different body processes growth and activity.

Question 26

Activities that require energy include

Answer 26

Keeping your heart beating
keeping the organs functioning
maintenance body temperature
muscle contraction

Question 27

Different people need different amounts of dietary energy depending on their

Answer 27

Age
gender
body size
level of activity
geans

Question 28

Define the following
dietary reference value
estimated average requirement
basal metabolic rate

Answer 28

Dietary reference value is the amount of nutrients a person should take per day. Estimated average requirement is energy requirements for different people. Basal metabolic rate is the rate at which a person uses energy to maintain the basic functions of the body when it is at rest for example breathing keeping warm keeping the heart beating.