Geography Flashcards
Explain what happens on the inside of a River bend
The slowest current is on the inside of the riverbend.
deposition takes place
a small beach of material builds up.
The channel is shallow
Explain what happens on the outside of a River bend
Fastest current is on the outside of a riverbed
erosion takes place
the bank is worn away and a river cliff develops
the channel is deep end
Define the following terms; meander, floodplain and alluvium
Meander – means a large bend in the river
Floodplain – the flat land at the bottom of a river valley which is often flooded
Alluvium – sometimes called silt it is fine material left behind after a River floods
Explain why flood plains are useful to people
Floodplains are useful to people because they are areas of flat land and have rich fertile soil. This makes them good for building on and farming
Examples of hard rock and soft rock
Hard rock – marble granite quartzite and basalt
Soft rock- clay sandstone sedimentary and mudstone
How does the sea shape the land
The sea attacks small cracks and opens them. The cracks get larger and develop into a small cave full stops when the cave where’s right through the head land and arts forms. Further erosion causes the urge to collapse. This leaves a pillar of rock standing away from the coast this pillar is called a stack. When the stock further erodes it called a stump.
Find the following: headland and spit and bay
Bay- an opening in the coastline.
Headland -is a stretch of land jutting out into the sea
Spit -is a special type of beach extending out into the sea
Why is a beach and example depositional landform
A beach is formed when materials want away from one part of the course is carried along and dropped somewhere else
What is the coastal erosion problem
Agricultural land may be lost.
Buildings destroyed.
Transport links put in danger.
Mention the names of two areas in England which are facing coastal erosion in the last few years
Holderness Yorkshire and mapleton
Describe the coastal erosion and its effects in the holderness coast
Holderness is found in the east coast of England in Yorkshire. Here the sea is eroding at around 2 a.m. every year full-stop many people in the wilderness area are worried about the future. They are afraid of losing their homes in some cases their livelihoods first of several forms are threatened and seaside resorts like 1c and with and see where many people are also in danger. To clifftop gas plants for gas pipe from the North sea are also at risk. Over the last 2,000 years several villages and farms have disappeared into the North sea as the holderness coastline has gradually moves back.
Why is erosion taking place at such a fast pace in the holderness
The reason for the fast-paced erosion taking place at the holderness coast is due to the following two reasons
the main reason is that the rock in this area is softball de play left by the glaciers during the last 10,000 years ago
it is easily worn away by weathering and the constant pounding of waves
Describe how or why the cliffs at holderness coast collapse
Rain sucks into cracks dissolves minerals and weekends the structure will stop in winter water in the cracks freezes the ice expands and opens up the crack fill store waves crash into the cliff and gradually wear away the rock. Pebbles and rocks thrown with great force by waves on the route the cake live first off the cliff collapses and eroded material is worn away by the sea leaving no protection.
How can coastal erosion be reduced
The full methods to reduce coastal erosion
Seawalls
beach rebuilding
groynes
riprap
Explain in detail the four types of methods used for reducing coastal erosion
Seawalls - SeaWorld stop the waves reaching the land. They reflect the waves but to see but this can wash away the beach they give good protection but are expensive and may need to be repaired in time cost isabout 7 million per kilometre
Beach rebuilding -this replaces the sand and shingle which has been lost from the beach. The beach absorbs way energy and is a good defence against the sea it protects the land or sea wall behind the beach and looks more natural cost is about 2 million per kilometre
Groyne- these are built down the beach and into the sea about 200 m apart. They slow the movement of materials along the coast and help build up the beach the beach then helps protect the land rock ruins are expensive they are about 1.5 million per groyne
Rip-rap- this is a mixture of large boulders and concrete blocks which protect the cold by breaking up the waves with stuff they don’t protect clips as well as sea wall but they do help retain the beach. They don’t look good and make the beach access difficult the cost is about 3 million per kilometre
