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Genetics And Inheritance > Nutrients > Flashcards

Nutrients Flashcards

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1
Q

Define anabolism

A

A set of metabolic pathways that construct complex molecules from similar ones, requires energy.

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2
Q

Define catabolism

A

A set of metabolic pathways that breaks down larger molecules into smaller units to be oxidised or to be used in anabolic reactions

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3
Q

Define a monosaccharide and give at least one example

A

Simple sugars, simplest form and most basic carbohydrate.

  • Glucose
  • Fructose
  • Galactose
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4
Q

Define a disaccharide and give examples

A

Two monosaccharides joined together, simple sugars and are soluble in water.

  • sucrose
  • lactose
  • maltose
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5
Q

Define a polysaccharide and give examples

A

Polysaccharides are the most abundant carbohydrate in food, they are long chain polymeric carbohydrates.

  • starch
  • cellulose
  • glycogen
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6
Q

Define a Glycosidic bond

A

A type of covalent bond that joins a sugar to another group

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7
Q

What type of reaction is usually associated with anabolism

A

Condensation reaction

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8
Q

What type of reactions are associated with catabolism

A

Hydrolysis reactions

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9
Q

State uses of carbohydrates

A
  1. Protects muscles
  2. Regulates blood sugar levels
  3. Provides nutrients for microbes in gut
  4. Lowers cholesterol
  5. Regulates blood pressure
  6. Energy
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10
Q

What elements are carbs composed of

A

C, H, O

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11
Q

What is a condensation reactions function

A

To remove water

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12
Q

What is the function of hydrolysis

A

Addition of water to a compound to split into smaller subunits

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13
Q

State the function of transport protein

A

Move molecules from one place to another

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14
Q

State the function of structural proteins

A

Provide support and strength

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15
Q

State the function of protective proteins

A

Utilising antibodies

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16
Q

State the function of enzymes

A

Globular proteins which control metabolism

17
Q

State the function of storage proteins

A

Store amino acids

18
Q

What makes an amino acid essential

A

Required and not synthesised but the body

19
Q

What makes an amino acid non essential

A

Can be made by the body as long as sufficient nitrogen is present

20
Q

Name the consequences of not having essential amino acids

A

Weight loss and anorexia
Bloody saliva
Black tongue disease

21
Q

What is the amino acid structure composed of

A

Amine group
Carboxyl group
R group (rest of the group)

22
Q

What is a primary structure of protein

A

A sequence of amino acids in a chain

23
Q

What is secondary structure in protein

A

Hydrogen bonds from between the amino acids in the chain, causing it to either coil into an alpha helix or fold into a beta sheet

24
Q

What is a tertiary structure in protein

A

the coiled or folded chain of amino acids, but coiled or folded further. Forms their final 3D shape

25
Q

Name the two types of tertiary proteins

A

Globular protein

Fibrous protein

26
Q

What is the quaternary structure of protein?

A

The quaternary structure is how these polypeptide chains are assembled together. Final 3D structure

27
Q

What is the structure of fibrous proteins

A

Long, insoluble polypeptide chains tightly coiled round forming a rope shape

28
Q

State the structure of globular proteins

A

Round compact proteins coiled up so that hydrophilic parts of the chain are on the outside of the molecule and the hydrophobic parts of the chain face inwards

29
Q

What bonds are primary structure proteins held together by

A

Peptide bonds between AA’s

30
Q

What bonds are secondary structure proteins held together by?

A

Hydrogen bonds that form between amino acids

31
Q

What bonds are tertiary structure proteins held together by

A

Intramolecular bonds
Disulphide bonds
Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions

32
Q

What are the two types of lipids

A

Saturated and unsaturated

Genetics And Inheritance (9 decks)

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