DNA And RNA Flashcards
What is the structure of DNA
Double helix
Held together by phosphate backbone, sugar (deoxyribose) and 4 bases (A,T, C&G)
What is the structure of RNA
Ribose sugar, 4 bases but thymine is replaced by uracil
Short and unstable
Single stranded
Name the 4 bases in DNA
adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Name the 4 bases in RNA
adenine
Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine
What is a gene
Made up of DNA
Basic physical and functional unit of heredity
What is a chromosome
Contains all the genetic material of an organism
How are chromosomes involved in sex determination
X and Y chromosomes also known as the sex chromosomes are used to determined the sex of an individual.
Females inherit an X chromosome from the father for an XX genotype however males inherit a Y chromosome from the father for a XY genotype. (Mother’s can only pass on X chromosomes)
How many chromosomes do humans normally have
46