nutrient digestion and absorption (week 1)

Question 1

what are the 3 hexoses?

Answer 1

glucose, galactose, and fructose

Question 2

what is the difference between D and L glucose?

Answer 2

hyroxyl groups on opposite sides

D is most common

Question 3

name the disaccahrides and what forms them?

Answer 3

maltose - 2 glucose
sucrose - glucose + fructose
lactose - glucose + galactose (think galaxy milk)

Question 4

what does amylase break down?

Answer 4

starch and glycogen

cellulose broken by bacteria

Question 5

what type of substances usually travel transcellularly?

Answer 5

hydrophobic

Question 6

what does the Na/K pump do?

Answer 6

pumps in potassium (2) and 3 sodium out (creates electrochemical gradient)

Question 7

what does SGLT1 do? (think of its relation to NA/K pump)

Answer 7

uses two sodium as a cotransporter to allow glucose to enter cell

Question 8

What cant SGLT1 absorb

Answer 8

fructose - GLUT 5 absorbs it in sperm because sperm needs it for energy

Question 9

what is exopeptidase and the two types?

Answer 9

works on the ends of peptide (as opposed to endopeptidase which works on middle of chain)

aminopeptidase - amino end

carboxypeptidase - carboxyl end

Question 10

what transports amino acids into cell?

Answer 10

SAAT1 - cotransporter so also helps keep the sodium gradient

Question 11

how are dipeptides absorbed into the lumen?

Answer 11

PepT1 - uses proton as cotransporter then that proton leaves via NHE3 which it also cotransports to allow sodium to come into cell