Nursing Theory, EBP, Health, Wellness and Illness part 1

Question 1

1. Explain the meaning of the term “nursing theory or model”.

Answer 1

1. A perspective from which to view patient situations
2. A way to organize data
3. A method for analyzing and interpreting information

Question 2

2. Describe how nursing theory
   differentiates nursing from other
   disciplines’ theories.

Answer 2

• It serves the purpose of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes (prescribes nursing care) of nursing care practices. Theories provide a means of testing knowledge through research and for expanding nursings knowledge base to meet the health care needs of patients in an ever changing society.
• Common concepts (nursing metaparadigms):
  
  • Person: the recipient of nursing care, including individual patients, groups, families, and communities.
  • Environment: includes all possible settings in which their health care needs occur - has positive and negative effects on the person’s level of health and health care needs
  • Health: this is different for everybody. As a nurse I should provide the best possible care for the individual person at the time of need.
  • Nursing: diagnosis and treatment of actual or potential health problems

Question 3

3. Interpret the major principles of Roy’s

Adaptation Model of nursing.

Answer 3

• Humans are biopsychoscial beings existing within an environment. Needs are created within interrelated adaptive modes: physiological self-concept, role function, and interdependence.
• Nursing interventions are required when people demonstrate ineffective adaptive responses.
• Goal: help the person adapt to changes

Question 4

4. Apply concepts of evidence-based

practice (EBP) to nursing.

Answer 4

-PICOT: population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, time
-problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions using the best evidence available.
-blends both the science and the art of nursing so that the best patient outcomes are achieved.
-may consist of specific nursing interventions or may use guidelines established for the care of patients with certain illnesses, treatments, or surgical procedures.
-the use of EBP mandates the analysis and systemic review of research findings.
From the Book:
-The information that is collected is analyzed and used to answer questions (the science of nursing), taking into consideration patient preferences and values, as well as the clinical experiences of the nurse (the art of nursing).

Question 5

5. Examine changing adult populations and
   health delivery trends and discuss the
   implications for nursing.

Answer 5

• steady rise in population
• large number of medically underdeserved
• rising health care costs
• increase in adults >65 years old
• higher incidence in chronic age

Question 6

6. Explain the World Health Organization’s

(WHO) definition of health.

Answer 6

-A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease and infirmity

Question 7

7. Discuss various factors that affect health

and illness.

Answer 7

• health care reform
• age and culturally appropriate care
• health promotion vs illness treatment
• rapid advances in technology
• environment
• lifestyle factors