Care of Aging Adult II part 1

Question 1

What 3 nutrients supply energy?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids (fats)
-these are essential nutrients not synthesized by the body

Question 2

What 3 nutrients regulate body processes?

Answer 2

vitamins
minerals
water

Question 3

What are some key recommendations for dietary guidelines for adults?

Answer 3

• variety of veggies and fruits
• variety of protein
• limit saturated fats, trans fats, added sugars, and sodium
• get regular physical activity

Question 4

Risk factors for nutritional deficits (malnutrition)?

Answer 4

• economic
• religion
• meaning of food
• culture
• age
• activity (immobility)
• developmental factors
• gender
• state of health (disease, injury)
• alcohol abuse
• medications
• mega-doses of nutrient supplements
• chronic health conditions
• cognitive status
• social isolation
• food choices

Question 5

Explain the signs of poor nutrition for the following areas: general appearance, face, muscles, abdomen.

Answer 5

• General Appearance: listless, apathetic, and cachetic
• Face: dark skin over cheeks and under eyes, flaky skin, facial edema (moon face), pale skin color
• Muscles: flaccid, poor tone, wasted, underdeveloped, difficulty walking
• Abdomen: swollen

Question 6

Discuss the components of a nutritional assessment?

Answer 6

• history and physical
• height and weight
• BMI
• Laboratory data
• validated nutritional assessment tool

Question 7

Explain BMI: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity.

Answer 7

• underweight = <18.5
• Normal weight = 18.5 - 24.9
• Overweight = 25 - 29.9
• Obesity: BMI of 30 or greater

Question 8

Biochemical Data with Nutritional Implications:

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Answer 8

• Normal = 12 - 18 g/dL

- decreased —–> anemia

Question 9

What does decreased hemoglobin indicate?

Answer 9

anemia

Question 10

Biochemical Data with Nutritional Implications:

Hematocrit (HCT)

Answer 10

• Normal = 40 - 50%
• decreased —-> anemia
• increased —-> dehydration

Question 11

Explain a decreased or increased hematocrit.

Answer 11

• decreased = anemia

- increased = dehydration

Question 12

If a patient comes in with failure to thrive and their H&H is decreased what does this mean?

Answer 12

• patient is malnourished

- H&H (hemoglobin and hematocrit) are decreased = anemia

Question 13

Biochemical Data with Nutritional Implications:

serum albumin

Answer 13

• Normal = 3.5 - 5.5 g/dL

- decreased = malnutrition

Question 14

What does decreased serum albumin mean?

Answer 14

malnutrition

Question 15

What does the serum albumin specifically show?

Answer 15

• takes longer to show up in labs
• this represents a long term malnutrition
• prolonged protein depletion, malabsorption

Question 16

Biochemical Data with Nutritional Implications:

prealbumin

Answer 16

• normal = 23 - 43 mg/dL

- decreased = acute protein depletion, malnutrition

Question 17

What does prealbumin indicate?

Answer 17

-if decreased it represents a short term malnutrition

Question 18

What labs can be run to get the H and H?

Answer 18

• H and H

- Complete blood count (CBC)