Nursing review

Question 1

Types of IV solutions - Isotonic

Answer 1

Equal amount of concentrated solution of the inside and outside. Isotonic is given to increase the extracellular fluids

Type of fluids:
- 0.9% sodium chloride (NS) - normal saline
- 5% dextrose in water (D5W)
- Lactated Ringers (LR)

Used for:
- Blood loss (hemorrhage, burn, surgery)
- Dehydration (vomiting and diarrhea)
- Fluid maintenance

Question 2

Types of IV solutions - Hypotonic

Answer 2

Concentration of the solution is lower than it should be causing water to enter the cell. This causes the cell to swell (may rupture).

Types of fluids:
- 0.45% saline (1/2 NS)
- 0.33% saline (1/3 NS)
- 0.225 saline (1/4 NS)

Used for:
- DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis)
- Helps kidney excrete excess fluids
- Hypernatremia (high level of sodium0