Nursing Research Flashcards
lecture by Atty. Arlene Capili
more formal, intensive and comprehensive method for the discovery of new knowledge
Research
5 Major Steps of Research Process
- Conceptual Phase
- Designing and Planning Phase
- Empirical Phase
- Analytic Phase
- Disseminating Phase
(months to years)
-deals with clinical problems
e.g care in diabetic foot
Nursing Research
2 Kinds of Research related to nursing
- Nursing Research
- Research in Nursing
-more broader study in the profession
-focus more on issue (e.g. historical, educational, etc) that can affect nursing profession
e.g. Nursing education in PH
Research in Nursing
informal way to discover new things
scientific method
-use of current best evidence
Evidenced Based Practice
latest findings
e.g. COVID-19 Experimental drugs
Evidenced Based Practice
4 Importance of Research
- Professionalism
- Accountability
- Social Relevance of Nursing
- Research and Decision Making
Ultimate Goal of Nursing
TO IMPROVE THE PRACTICE OF THE PROFESSION / NURSING
Alternative: To improve…
-client care
-patient care
-healthcare
-nursing care
- Formulating & delimiting the problem
- Review Related Literature (RRL)
- Undertaking a Clinical Fieldwork
- Defining framework and conceptual definitions
- Formulating Hypothesis
Phase 1: Conceptual Phase
-Selecting the research design
-Developing protocols for the intervention
-Identifying the population to be studied
-Designing the sampling plan
-Specifying the methods to measure the research variables
- Developing methods for safeguarding human/animal rights
-Finalizing and reviewing the research plan
Phase II: Design and Planning Phase
-Collecting the data
- Preparing the data for analysis
Phase III: Empirical Phase
-Analyzing the data
-Interpreting the results
Phase IV: Analytic Phase
-Communicating the findings
-Utilizing the findings in practice (EBP)
Phase V: Disseminating Phase
Synthesis of previous studies
Purpose: to get an idea or background about the study
Review of Related Literature /RRL
Graphical representation of concepts and relationship between concepts
Frameworks and conceptual definitions
Phase of the research process that researchers SPENDS the MOST TIME
“pinag-iisipan”
Phase II: Design and Planning Phase
Longest phase the research process
Phase III: Empirical Phase
Phase of the research process that enables to see the long term effect using scientific research (experimental)
Phase IV: Analytic Phase
2 Types of Framework
- Conceptual
- Theoretical
Types of Framework that focuses on relating concepts to the topic
Conceptual Framework
Types of Framework that focuses on relating theories to the topic
Theoretical Framework
define variables
Definition of Terms
define variable on how they were used in the study
operational definition
defines highly technical terms
conceptual definition
tools or instruments for data collection
research variables
5 Sources of Research Problems
[NITES]
Nursing literature
Ideas from external sources
Theory (existing or own)
Experience & Clinical Fieldwork
Social Issues, Scientific Research
Least being used source of research problem
Scientific Research
richest in information source of research problem
Experience & Clinical Fieldwork
Criteria of a Good Research Problem
[SALT IN]
Significance of study
Availability of Subjects
Limitation of Subjects
Time allotment & research ability
Interest of Researcher
Novelty (Newness / Freshness of Idea)
Major Forms of Data Collection
- Use of existing data
- Self-reports
- Observation
- Biophysical measures
[Major Form of Data Collection]
- any form of record/report
Use of existing data
[Major Form of Data Collection]
-interviews, questionnares
-direct data collection
-most widely used
-oral or written
Self-reports
[Major Form of Data Collection]
-can gather data that cannot be gathered by other methods
Self-reports
most crucial disadvantage of Self-reports
Validity and Accuracy
- bc a lot of factors affect self-report thru interviews/questionnaire
-can jump questions to another
[Major Form of Data Collection]
-Best to elicit emotion
Observation
[Major Form of Data Collection]
-use of equipment and gadgets
Biophysical Measures
Type of Observer that is given intervention and disguise self as participant subject
Participant Observer
Type of Observer that is not given intervention, and does not disguise as subject
Non participant Observer
situations or circumstances amenable to observation
Phenomena
6 Phenomena for Observation
- Characteristics and condition of subjects
- Activities and behavior of subjects (highly observable)
- Skill attainment and performance
- Environmental Characteristics
5.Verbal Communication - Non-verbal Communication
2 types of Biophysical Measures
- Invivo measurement
- Invitro measurement
measurement performed directly on subject
e.g. ECG, BP taking
Invivo measurement
measurement performed outside
-gather specimen first and bring to laboratory
e.g. invitrofertilization, ABG, urinalysis
Invitro measurement
Criteria to Know the Effectivity of Tool
Validity
Reliability
Sensitivity
measure what is supposed to be measured
validity
consistency / repeatability of tool
reliability
detect small variations / fine differences
sensitivity
tentative prediction of relationship between variables
Hypothesis
4 Parts of Hypothesis
-Independent Variable
-Dependent Variable
-Relationship
-Population to which it applies
cause variable
Independent Variable
[ICDeffect]
effect variable
Dependent Variable
[ICDeffect]
Older patients are more at risk to fall than younger pts
IV:
DV:
- Population:
- elderly pts
-younger pts - Set: 2 or more (Concentrate on characteristics)
Different Characteristic: Independent Variable: AGE
Varies in population: Dependent Variable: risk to fall
Fixed populations set by_______
Researchers
Toprank Strategy on Variables (2Set)
- Population:
- Set: 2 or more (Concentrate on characteristics)
Different Characteristic: Independent Variable
Varies in population: Dependent Variable
Toprank Strategy on Variables (1Set)
- Population:
- Set: 1 only (Eliminate Population)
- Go back hypothesis and ask “what is being studied on the population?”
- Determine which varies: Dependent Variable
Girls are less sexually active than boys.
IV:
DV:
- Population:
- Girls
-Boys - Set: 2 or more (Concentrate on characteristics)
Different Characteristic: Independent Variable: Gender
Varies in population: Dependent Variable: sexually active
Depressed patients who are living with significant others have lesser chances of committing suicide than those depressed patients who are living alone.
IV:
DV:
- Population:
- Depressed patients who are living with significant others
-depressed patients who are living alone.
- Set: 2 or more (Concentrate on characteristics)
Different Characteristic: Independent Variable: Living condition
Varies in population: Dependent Variable: chances of committing suicide