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COMPREHENSIVE PHASE > Cardiovascular Nursing part 1 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Nursing part 1 Flashcards

Anatomy, Types of shock, Aneurysm, Vascular Insufficiency (Arterial,Venous), [Arterioslcerosis Obliterans, Reynauds, Varicose Veins, DVT/VTE], Buerger's Disease

1
Q

What is the normal blood volume in the blood vessels?

A

5 - 6 liters of blood

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2
Q

Type of shock wherein there is decreased blood volume

A

Hypovolemic Shock

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3
Q

Type of shock when the heart is the problem (decreased pumping ability)

A

Cardiogenic Shock

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4
Q

Causes of Cardiogenic Shock

A
  1. Coronary Causes (CAD, MI)
  2. Non-coronary Causes (Congenital HD, Rheumatic HD, etc.)
  3. Obstructive Shock (no HD, but heart is naipit/compressed)
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5
Q

3 types of Distributive / Circulatory Shock

A

a. Septic Shock (infection)
b. Anaphylactic shock (allergy)
c. Neurogenic Shock (spinal cord injury)

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6
Q

The only shock that does not cause tachycardia. As it causes Bradycardia!

A

Neurogenic Shock

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7
Q

Position of shock
(except Obstructive shock bc no position can relieve)

A

Modified trendelenburg
(laying flat on back with head level to the body and legs are passively raised)

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8
Q

Priority nursing intervention for Obstructive shock

A

Refer!

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9
Q

resistance vessels

(↑ pressure; thick smooth muscles)

A

arteries

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10
Q

capacitance vessels

(↓ pressure; thin smooth muscles)

A

veins

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11
Q

exchange vessels

(no smooth muscle - only made of tunica intima)

A

capillaries

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12
Q

largest vein

A

Inferior vena cava

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13
Q

largest artery

A

aorta

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14
Q

blood vessel with greatest surface area

A

capillaries

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15
Q

Arterial (pulse)
0
+1
+2
+3
bounding pulse

A

0 - absent
+1 - weak
+2 - normal
+3 -increased
bounding pulse -maybe abnormal

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16
Q

2 Vascular Disorders

A

Aneurysm
Peripheral Vascular Disease

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17
Q

3 Peripheral Vascular Disease

A

Arterial Insufficiency
Venous Insufficiency
Buerger’s Disease

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18
Q

etiology of aortic aneurysm

A

atherosclerosis (atheromatous plaque)

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19
Q

aneurysm with no signs and symptoms

A

Ascending Aortic Aneurysm (Thoracic)

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20
Q

(Aneurysm)

subjective: Pulsating mass in abdomen

Objective: Thrill (palpation); bruit (auscultation)

A

Descending Aortic Aneurysm (Abdominal)

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21
Q

sign of impending rupture of aneurysm

A

Dissecting Aneurysm

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22
Q

Type A
Type I and II

A

Ascending AA

*type I: ascending and descending AA

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23
Q

Type B
Type III

A

Descending AA

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24
Q

(Aneurysm)
severe chest pain

A

ascending AA

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25
Q

(Aneurysm)
severe epigastric pain

A

descending AA

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26
Q

(Aneurysm)
severe low back pain

A

Abnormal

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27
Q

Nursing Diagnosis for aneurysm

A

Acute pain
Risk for Hypovolemic shock

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28
Q

most definitive diagnostic for all vascular diseases/disorders

A

Angiography

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29
Q

update for angiography history taking

A

DO NOT ask for allergy for seafood

BUT ask for any allergy and any history of reaction to iodine!

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30
Q

Right catheterization:
Left catheterization:

A

Right catheterization: Vein
Left catheterization: Artery
(LARV)

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31
Q

under what anesthesia on catheterization

A

local anesthesia

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32
Q

simple UTZ of heart with no radiation

A

2D Echocardiography
Transthoracic Doppler UTZ

33
Q

Management for Type A Aortic Aneurysm

A

Surgery

34
Q

not enough oxygenated blood / ischemia in lower extremity

A

Arterial Insufficiency

35
Q

Management for Type B Aortic Aneurysm

A

Control BP FIRST!

36
Q

(+) leg pain

A

Arterial and Venous Insufficiency

37
Q

no claudication

A

Venous Insufficiency

38
Q

with edema

A

Venous insufficiency

39
Q

(+) claudication (more pain when walking)

A

Arterial Insufficiency

40
Q

more severe vascular insufficiency

A

Arterial insufficiency

41
Q

skin: pale, thinning of hair, cool to touch

A

Arterial insufficiency

42
Q

skin: dark, cyanotic, pigmented

A

Venous Insufficiency

43
Q

pulses may be abnormal

A

Arterial insufficiency

44
Q

no edema

A

Arterial insufficiency

45
Q

Pulses are always normal

A

Venous insufficiency

46
Q

small but deep with well circumscribed edges, no granulation tissue

A

arterial ulcer - Arterial insufficiency

47
Q

Management: Dependent (sitting) position

A

Arterial Insufficiency

47
Q

larger with irregular border; with severe granulation tissues

A

venous ulcer - Venous Insufficiency

48
Q

Management: Elevated position

A

Venous Insufficiency

49
Q

management if (+) leg pain

A

ASSESS , Observe!

50
Q

Nursing diagnosis for Vascular Insufficiency

A

Risk for impaired skin integrity
Risk for rupture (ulcer)
Risk for septic shock / Infection

51
Q

Arteriosclerosis Obliterans (PAD)
Reynaud’s Disease

A

Arterial Insufficiency

52
Q

Varicose Vein
DVT/ VTE

A

Venous Insufficiency

53
Q

Thromboangiitis Obliterans (TAO)

A

Buerger’s Disease

54
Q

Which arterial Insufficiency is more common in Lower Extremity than Upper Extremity?
(LE > UE)

A

arteriosclerosis obliterans

55
Q

Blue- White-Red Disease

A

Reynaud’s Disease

56
Q

Which arterial Insufficiency is more common in Upper Extremity than Lower Extremity?
(LE < UE)

A

Reynaud’s Disease

57
Q

Position for Arteriosclerosis Obliterans

A

Dependent Position
- Reverse Trendelenburg
-Sitting

58
Q

Drug management for Arteriosclerosis Obliterans

A

NSAID
Cilostazol ( ↑ capillary bloodflow)
Antiplatelet medication

59
Q

arteriolar vasospasm with unknown etiology but most important risk factor is exposure to cold temperature (reversible)

A

Reynaud’s Disease

60
Q

clinical manifestation of diseases:
-rheumatoid arthritis
-SLE
-Scleroderma (hardening of skin)

A

Reynaud’s phenomenon

61
Q

abnormally dilated tortous superficial veins

A

Varicose veins

62
Q

best management for Varicose Veins

A

PREVENTION!

63
Q

Best health teaching for Varicose Veins

A

EARLY AMBULATION

64
Q

Risk factors of varicose veins

A

-prolonged standing/ sitting/ crossing of legs
-obesity

65
Q

Risk factor of DVT /VTE

A

Immobilization

66
Q

Virchow’s Triad (DVT)

A
  • stasis / stagnation
  • hypercoagulable
  • endothelial damage
67
Q

thrombus + inflammation

-with s/sx (swelling, warm, pain, tenderness)

A

thrombophlebitis

68
Q

thrombus (no inflammation)

  • asymptomatic, sudden onset of leg pain
A

phlebothrombosis

69
Q

(+) Homan’s sign

A

pain upon dorsiflexion of foot

70
Q

most serious complication of DVT

A

Pulmonary embolism
(+) dyspnea, chest pain

71
Q

Pulmonary embolism management

A
  1. Elevate head of bed: Semi-fowlers
  2. Administer oxygen
  3. Refer!
72
Q

DVT management

A
  1. Prevention - mobilize
  2. Manage DVT
    - avoid OCP
    - elevate legs
    - TED hose
    -Thrombolytic drugs (USA)
    -NSAID
    -Heparin
    -Warfarin
73
Q

surgery for DVT/ VTE

A

thrombectomy

74
Q

worn for 6 months for DVT
-remove at night
- wear after waking up

A

Thromboembolic Deterrent Hose (TED Hose)

75
Q

arteries and veins are effected

A

Buerger’s disease (Thromboangiitis obliterans)

76
Q

(+) leg pain
(+) claudication

A

Buerger’s disease (Thromboangiitis obliterans)

77
Q

poor circulation of feet and hands (IRREVERSIBLE)

A

Buerger’s disease (Thromboangiitis obliterans)

78
Q

Management for Buerger’s disease (Thromboangiitis obliterans)

A
  • NSAIDS
  • Amputation

COMPREHENSIVE PHASE (8 decks)

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