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COMPREHENSIVE PHASE > Cardiovascular Nursing part 2 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Nursing part 2 Flashcards

Conduction system, Valvular diseases, Pericarditis, Endocarditis, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertension, SNS vs PNS, ECG

1
Q

Atrioventricular valves close

A

S1 (LUB)

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2
Q

Semilunar valves close

A

S2 (DUB)

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3
Q

Rapid ventricular filling / ventricular gallop

A

S3 (LUB-DUB-DUB)

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4
Q

atrial systole / atrial gallop

A

S4 (LUB-LUB-DUB)

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5
Q

4th ICS Left Parasternal

A

Tricuspid Valve

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6
Q

2nd ICS Right Parasternal

A

Aortic Valve

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7
Q

5th ICS Left Midclavicular line
- point of maximal impulse (PMI)

A

Mitral (Apex) Valve

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8
Q

2nd ICS Left Parasternal

A

Pulmonic Valve

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9
Q

inability of valves to close completely

A

Valvular Insufficiency / Valvular Regurgitation

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10
Q

ballooning of valve, with systolic click

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

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11
Q

inability of the valves to open completely; asymptomatic (bc heart can compensate)

A

Valvular Stenosis

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12
Q

complication of Mitral Valve Prolapse

A
  • mitral regurgitation
  • dysrhythmia
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13
Q

visceral part of heart

A

epicardium

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14
Q

layers of heart

A

endocardium
myocardium
epicardium
pericardium

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15
Q

inflammation of pericardium

A

pericarditis

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16
Q

Most COMMON cause of Myocarditis

A

VIRAL disease

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17
Q

Most important symptom of Pericarditis

A

(+) Chest pain

  • worsens with deep inspiration, lying down or turning
  • relieved by sitting and leaning forward (orthopneic)
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18
Q

leathery, scratching, creaky sound heard best at the END OF EXPIRATION

A

Friction Rub

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19
Q

most common sign of pericarditis

A

Friction Rub

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20
Q

where to auscultate friction rub in pericarditis?

A

4th ICS Left Parasternal (Tricuspid Valve)

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21
Q

BQ concept:
Which is more definitive MRI or biopsy?
- Biopsy bc more accurate if one can see

A
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22
Q

heart is compressed due to swelling

A

Constrictive Pericarditis

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23
Q

2 Complications of Pericarditis

A

Pericardial effusion
Cardiac Tamponade

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24
Q

Cardiac Tamponade:
Beck’s Triad

A

-hypotension
-distended neck veins / JVD
-muffled (distant) heart sounds

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25
Q

(+) Beck Triad management

A

Call the doctor! to do pericardiocentesis

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26
Q

aspiration of fluid from the pericardium, performed by the physician and assisted by a nurse

A

Pericardiocentesis

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27
Q

procedure that allows the doctor for proper placement of needle before pericardiocentesis to avoid puncturing of heart

A

Chest X-Ray

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28
Q

nursing action in pericardiocentesis

A

connect patient to ECG and it must be normal

abnormal: possible punctured

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29
Q

inflammation of the endocardium

A

endocarditis

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30
Q

etiology of Infective Endocarditis

A

Bacteria (GABHS)

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31
Q

Signs of Systemic Inflammation

A

-intermittent fever
-night sweats
-fatigue
-weakness
- malaise

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32
Q

S/sx of Embolization:
-painful nodules on fingers, pads, and toes

A

-Osler’s nodes

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33
Q

S/sx of Embolization:
-white centered retina hemorrhages

A

-Roth’s spots

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34
Q

S/sx of Embolization
-bleeding under nails

A
  • Splinter Hemorrhages
35
Q

S/sx of Embolization:
-painless macules on palms and nodes

A
  • Janeway Lesions
36
Q

Endocarditis:
FROM JANE

A

Fever
Roth Spots
Osler nodes
Murmur

Janeway Lesions
Anemia
Nailbed hemorrhage
Emboli

37
Q

Prevention/ Prophylactic Medication for Endocarditis

A

Antibiotic (Penicillin)
if (+) allergy: Erythromycin / Amoxicillin/ Azithromycin

38
Q

disease of heart muscle associated with cardiac dysfunction

A

Cardiomyopathy

39
Q

most common significant dilation (nabanat) without hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction

A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

40
Q

Diffused Necrosis (Dilated Cardiomyopathy)

A
  1. alcohol
  2. viral infection
  3. Pregnancy
41
Q

autosomal dominant disorder, interventricular septum thickens ; may have sudden death

Parent (+): 50% child to acquire

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

42
Q

least common cardiomyopathy, caused by rigid ventricular walls; may lead to sudden death

A

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

43
Q

infiltration of fibrous and adipose tissue from Right ventricle until entire heart is affected

A

Arrythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy

44
Q

what to assess for cardiomyopathy?

A

Family History!

45
Q

diagnostic test for cardiomyopathy

A

2DEcho

46
Q

only surgery and cure for cardiomyopathy

A

Heart Transplant

-Ventricular Assistive Device (VAD)
assist heart fx, if no HT yet

47
Q

Average BP

A

110/70

48
Q

<120 / <80

A

Normal BP

49
Q

AHA: 120-129 / <80

A

Elevated

50
Q

<120-139 / 80-89

A

Prehypertension

51
Q

140-159 / 90-99
AHA: 130-139 / 80-89

A

Stage 1 HPN

52
Q

≥ 160 / ≥ 100
AHA: >140 / >90

A

Stage 2 HPN

53
Q

Hypertension is a disease
- idiopathic

A

Primary Hypertension

54
Q

Hypertension is a SIGN of a disease (e.g. DM, Renal Dse, pheochromocytoma)

A

Secondary Hypertension

55
Q

most important risk factor of HPN

A

Familial History

56
Q

silent killer disease (asymptomatic)

A

Hypertension

57
Q

Diet for HPN

A

low salt low fat, low sugar

58
Q

Nursing Actual/Risk Diagnosis for HPN

A

Acute Pain related to -headache
Disturbed sensory/visual perception - blurred vision

Risk for fall/injury -dizziness
Risk for aspiration - epistaxis
Risk for ineffective airway clearance

(Asymptomatic)
Knowledge Deficit
Ineffective Health Maintenance
Non-compliance

59
Q

Exercise for HPN

A

3x a week 30 mins per day

60
Q

tumor in the adrenal gland (medulla)
↑epinephrine/adrenaline
↑norepinephrine/noradrenaline

leading to ↑SNS

A

Pheochromocytoma

61
Q

↑HR
Bronchodilation
Pupil dilation
Vasoconstriction
↓Digestion
Urinary retention

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

62
Q

↓HR
Bronchoconstriction
Pupil constriction
Vasodilation
↑Digestion
Bladder Emptying

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

63
Q

Nervous System
(+) acetylcholine
(+) epinephrine

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

64
Q

Nervous System
(+) acetylcholine

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

65
Q

No Pulse
Irregular, No P Wave, No QRS

A

Ventricular Fibrillation

66
Q

No Pulse
Regular, No P Wave, No QRS

A

Ventricular Tachycardia

67
Q

Irregular, No P Wave, Wide QRS

A

Torsade de Pointes
(Type of Ventricular Tachycardia)
-No Pulse

&

Premature Ventricular Contraction
-w/ pulse

68
Q

Rate: Very fast (150-250bpm)

Regular, P Wave Hidden, Normal QRS

A

Supraventricular Tachycardia

69
Q

Regular or Irregular, P Wave, ST Elevated

A

STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction)

70
Q

Erratic waves, QRS normally narrow but not always

Irregular, No P Wave, Normal QRS

A

Atrial Fibrillation

71
Q

“Sawtooth” Pattern

Regular or Irregular, No P Wave, Normal QRS

A

Atrial Flutter

72
Q

Rate: Fast (>100bpm)

Regular, P Wave, Normal QRS

A

Sinus Tachycardia

73
Q

Rate: Slow (<60bpm)

Regular, P Wave, Normal QRS

A

Sinus Bradycardia

74
Q

Rate: Normal (60-100bpm)

Regular, P Wave, Normal QRS

A

Normal Sinus Rhythm

75
Q

Shockable Rhythms

A

-Ventricular Fibrillation
-Ventricular Tachycardia
-Torsade de Pointes (Type of VTach)

76
Q

Atrial Depolarization

A

P wave

77
Q

Ventricular Depolarization

A

QRS Complex:
0.04 - 0.1 second

77
Q

-time it takes an impulse to travel from the atria through AV node, BoH, and to the Purkinje fibers

-AV Depolarization

A

PR Interval:
0.12 - 0.20 second

77
Q

early ventricular repolarization

A

ST Segment

78
Q

ventricular repolarization and ventricular diastole

A

T Wave

79
Q

ventricular refractory time or the total time required for ventricular depolarization and repolarization

A

QT interval:
0.32 - 0.40 second

80
Q

each small square in ECG strip represents

A

0.04 second

81
Q

each large square in ECG strip represents

A

0.20 second

COMPREHENSIVE PHASE (8 decks)

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