Nursing Fundamentals Week 2 Terms Flashcards
Aerobic
living, active, or occurring only in the presence of oxygen
Afebrile
without fever
Alopecia
partial or complete loss of hair; baldness
Anaerobic
living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of oxygen
Antipyretics
Substance or procedure that reduces fever
Asepsis
Absence of germs or microorganisms
Bradycardia
Slower than normal heart rate; heart contracts fewer than 60 times per minute
Capnography
End-tidal CO2 monitoring, it provides instant information about how effectively CO2 is eliminated by the pulmonary system, how effectively it is transported through the vascular system, and how effectively CO2 is produced by cellular metabolism. Measured near the end of exhalation
Caries
Decay and crumbling of a tooth or bone caused by a complex interaction of food, especially starches and sugars, with bacteria that form dental plaque
Cheilitis
Acute or chronic inflammation of the lips
Colonization
Presence and multiplication of microorganisms without tissue invasion or damage
Complete Bed Bath
Bath in which the entire body of a patient is washed in bed
Conduction
The movement of something such as heat or electricity through a objects
Convection
The heat transfer takes within the fluid
Core Temperature
Temperature of deep structures of the body
Diaphoresis
Secretion of sweat, especially profuse secretion associated with an elevated body temperature, physical exertion, or emotional stress
Disinfection
Process of destroying all pathogenic organisms except spores
Dysrhythmia
Deviation from the normal pattern of the heartbeat
Edentulous
Lacking teeth
Effleurage
A form of massage involving a circular stroking movement made with the palm of the hand
Endogenous infection
Infections produced within a cell or organism
Eupnea
Normal respirations that are quiet, effortless, and rhythmical
Evaporation
Liquid turns into gas
Exogenous infection
Infection originating outside an organ or part
Febrile
Pertaining to or characterized by an elevated body temperature
Frostbite
an injury caused by freezing of the skin and underlying tissues
FUO
Fever of unknown origin; at or above 101F for 3 weeks or more
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums
Glossitis
tongue is swollen and inflamed
Halitosis
Bad breath
Hand Hygiene
act of cleaning one’s hands with soap or alcohol-based gel
Healthcare associated infections
Infections people get while they are receiving health care for another condition
Heat exhaustion
Abnormal condition caused by depletion of body fluid and electrolytes resulting from exposure to intense heat or the inability to acclimatize to heat
Heat stroke
Continued exposure to extreme heat that raises the core body temperature to 105F (40.5C) or higher
Hyperthermia
Situation in which body temperature exceeds the set point
Hypothermia
Abnormal lowering of body temperature below 95F (35C), usually caused by prolonged exposure to cold
Hypoxemia
Arterial blood oxygen level less than 60 mmHg; low oxygen level in the blood
Iatrogenic Infections
Infection after medical or surgical management, whether or not the patient was hospitalized
Immunocompromised
weakened immune system
Infection
Invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms that reproduce and multiply
Invasive
Tending to spread prolifically and undesirably or harmfully
Localized
Particular place or part of the body
Malignant Hyperthermia
Autosomal-dominant trait characterized by often fatal hyperthermia in affected people exposed to certain anesthetic agents
Medical Asepsis
Procedures used to reduce the number of microorganisms and prevent their spread
Multidrug-resistant organisms
Bacteria that have become resistant to certain antibiotics and these antibiotics can no longer be used to control or kill the bacteria
Nonshivering thermogenesis
Occurs primarily in neonates. Because neonates cannot shiver, a limited amount of vascular brown adipose tissue present at birth can be metabolized for heat production
Oxygen saturation
Amount of hemoglobin fully saturated with oxygen, given as a percent value
Pathogens
Microorganism capable of producing disease
Partial bed bath
Bath in which body parts that might cause the patient discomfort if left unbathed (ex. face, hands, axillary areas, back and perineum) are washed in bed
Pediculosis capitis
Infestation of the hair and scalp by head lice
Perineal Care
Procedure prescribed for cleaning the genital and anal areas as part of the daily bath or after various obstetrical and gynecological procedures
Pulse deficit
Condition that exists when the radial pulse is less than the ventricular rate as auscultated at the apex or seen on an electrocardiogram. The condition indicates a lack of peripheral perfusion for some of the heart conditions
Pyrogens
Substances that cause a rise in body temperature, as in the case of bacterial toxins
Radiation
Energy released in the form of particle or electromagnetic waves
Reservior
Place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a susceptible host
Shivering
Involuntary trembling of the body caused by muscle contraction
Standard Precautions
Guidelines recommended by the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to reduce risk of transmission of blood-borne and other pathogens in hospitals
Sterile field
an area created by placing sterile surgical drapes around the patient’s surgical site and on the stand that will hold sterile instruments and other items needed during surgery
Sterilization
A technique for destroying microorganisms using heat, water, chemicals, or gases
Stomatitis
inflamed and sore mouth; disrupt a person’s ability to eat, talk, and sleep
Suprainfection
Secondary infection usually caused by an opportunistic pathogen
Surgical Asepsis
Procedures used to eliminate any microorganisms from an area. also called sterile technique
Susceptibility
The state or fact of being likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing
Systemic
affecting the entire body, rather than a single organ or body part
Tachycardia
Rapid regular heart rate ranging between 100 and 150 beats/min
Thermoregulation
Internal control of body temperature
Vector
a living organism that transmits an infectious agent from an infected animal to a human or another animal
Ventilation
respiratory process by which gases are moved into and out of the lungs
Xerostomia
condition in which the salivary glands in your mouth don’t make enough saliva to keep you mouth wet
Infectious
Transmitting or capable of transmitting infection
