Nursing Ethics (7) + Nurses, Patients, and Families (13)

Question 1

moral distress

Answer 1

the feeling that nurses have when they have ethical dilemmas along with institutional constraints

Question 2

ethical principles are part of which theory?

Answer 2

principalism

Question 3

which ethical theory is applied in emergency situations?

Answer 3

utilitarianism

Question 4

explain the concept of utilitarianism

Answer 4

means that the end justifies the means

(it is “moral” that a chest was cracked open for intubation, despite hurting the patient in that way)

Question 5

which law protects healthcare workers when they exhibit utilitarianism?

Answer 5

Good Samaritan Law

Question 6

what makes the ethical principle of autonomy difficult for nurses to honor?

Answer 6

if the patient is a minor that has a conflicting interest as their legal guardians

Question 7

Kohlberg’ preconventional

Answer 7

self-centric values and personal needs go first

they are inattentive to social norms

Question 8

Kohlberg’s conventional

Answer 8

awareness of consequences of their actions, especially of the possibility of reward

(toddlers learning the meaning of the word “no” when told to stop reaching for an object)

Question 9

Kohlberg’s post-conventional

Answer 9

involves more independent thinking and at this point the individual has developed their own moral values

Question 10

acute illness

Answer 10

characterized by severe symptoms that are short-lived

some are life-threatening and can lead to chronic illness

(MI, common cold, HIV)

Question 11

chronic illness

Answer 11

gradual development, requires ongoing medical attention, and continue for a lifetime

(Parkinson’s, HTN, diabetes)

Question 12

remission

Answer 12

symptoms of chronic illness subside

Question 13

exacerbation

Answer 13

symptoms reappear or worsen

Question 14

5 stages of adjusting to illness

Answer 14

1) disbelief and denial
2) irritability and anger
3) attempting to gain control
4) depression and grief
5) acceptance and participation

Question 15

children learn how to act when they have an illness from parents and influential adults in their life

Answer 15

modeling

Question 16

use of strategies that allows someone to assess and manage demands of their illness or condition

Answer 16

coping

Question 17

creative adaptation to new surroundings and situations

Answer 17

resourcefulness

Question 18

characterized by being able to do well despite difficult challenges and past trauma

Answer 18

resilience

Question 19

belief in a higher power

Answer 19

spirituality

Question 20

what is the nurse’s role in helping patients deal with stress?

Answer 20

patient must be helped to assess their own ability in recognizing symptoms of stress in order to modify the environment or coping mechanisms

nurses should educate them about their illness (more knowledge = decreased uncertainty/ anxiety)

Question 21

a formal program by the ANCC that validates nurses and their hard work by providing opportunities for advancement and elevating their self-esteem

Answer 21

Magnet Recognition Program

Question 22

according to Kohlberg, morality is developed

Answer 22

by creation of conflict in settings where the individual recognizes the limitations of the status quo mentality

Question 23

what makes Gilligan’s moral stages of reasoning different from Kohlberg’s?

Answer 23

focused more on women and giving care; suggests that women view moral dilemmas in terms of conflicting responsibilities

Question 24

Gilligan’s stages of moral reasoning

Answer 24

1) orientation to individual survival
2) focus on goodness with recognition of self-sacrifice
3) having the moral sense of caring for others and self

Question 25

6 steps of the Ethical decision Making Model

Answer 25

1) clarify the ethical dilemma
2) gather additional data
3) identify options
4) make a decision
5) act by carrying out the decision
6) evaluate outcomes

Question 26

this is the nursing profession’s formal expression of its ethical values and duties to the public

Answer 26

Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements (ANA)

Question 27

this document discusses rights and and responsibilities of nurses related to people, practice, society, co-workers, and profession

Answer 27

ICN Code of Ethics

Question 28

what is a sound basis for nursing practice?

Answer 28

employing critical thinking within a caring profession

constant reevaluation of personal conflict between selfishness and responsibility