NURSING EDUCATION Flashcards
Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010
The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health
IOM report
Recommendations on how nursing could provide
better client care in new systems
HEALTH CARE REFORM
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
Six core competencies needed by nurses ( and health
professionals in general) to continuously improve the
quality standard of health care:
Patient-centered care
Teamwork and collaboration
Evidence-based practice
Quality improvement
Safety
Informatics
QUALITY AND SAFETY IN HEALTH CARE
- Consumers more aware of others’ needs for care
Minority groups, poor
Changing public concepts of health
Right of all people, not a privilege for the rich
Active participants in making decisions about health and
nursing care
CONSUMER DEMANDS
Need for and provision of nursing services in context of
new structures
Single parents rearing children
Young families living far from own parents
Adolescent mothers need specialized nursing services.
FAMILY STRUCTURE
Actions of new drug therapies, genetic technology
Some nurses required to be highly specialized
Space program technology adapted into health care aids
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Internet’s influence on health care
Telehealth
Medical information exchanged via electronic
communications to improve patient’s health status
* Telenursing
Provide nursing practice at a distance
No state boundaries
Licensure issues
INFORMATION, TELEHEALTH & TELENURSING
Medical information exchanged via electronic
communications to improve patient’s health status
TELEHEALTH
Provide nursing practice at a distance
TELENURSING
Licensure issues
NO STATE BOUNDARIES
Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)
Each patient’s rights to accept or refuse medical care,
use advance directives
Wide variation in state regulation of nurse practitioner
practice
NPs cannot easily move from state to state
Consensus Model in 2008
LEGISLATION
Study of population
Statistics about distribution by age, place of residence,
mortality, morbidity
Total population in North America increasing
Population shifting from rural to urban
Many risk factors for death can be prevented.
DEMOGRAPHY
Projected to intensify as baby boomers age by 2022 *
Depends on location, setting
Difficulty in declining U.S. economy
New graduates not being interviewed at hospitals
High turnover rate
THE CURRENT NURSING SHORTAGE
ANA participates on behalf of nurses through economic,
welfare programs
Economic concerns
Issues about safe care for clients, selves
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
Voluntary accreditation
Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN)
Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE)
* American Nurses Association—Political Action Committee
Organization to lobby for legislation affecting health
NURSING ASSOCIATIONS
Organization to lobby for legislation affecting health
American Nurses Association—Political Action Committee
National professional organization for nursing in the
U.S. founded 1896
Official journal American Nurse Today
Official newspaper The American Nurse
AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION
Formed 1952
Individuals and agencies
Continuing education services
NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR NURSING
Established 1899
National organizations working together for mission of
representing nursing worldwide
INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF NURSES
Formed in 1953
Student must be in state-approved nursing education
program to qualify
NATIONAL STUDENT NURSES ASSOCIATION
Founded 1922
Professional rather than social
Potential members hold bachelor’s degree minimum,
demonstrate achievement in nursing
INTERNATIONAL HONOR SOCIETY: SIGMA THETA TAU
Every person has a right to health and medical care corresponding to his state of health, without any discrimination
and within the limits of the resources, manpower and competence
RIGHT TO APPROPRIATE MEDICAL CARE AND HUMANE TREATMENT
The patient has a right to a clear, truthful and substantial explanation, in a manner and language understandable to the patient, of all proposed procedures, whether diagnostic, preventive, curative, rehabilitative or therapeutic, wherein the person who will perform the said procedure shall provide his name and credentials to the patient, possibilities of any risk of mortality or serious side effects, problems related to recuperation, and probability of success and reasonable risks involved
RIGHT TO INFORMED CONSENT
If a patient is a minor, consent shall be obtained from his
parents, or legal guardian
The patient has the right to
avail himself/herself of any recommended diagnostic and treatment procedures
RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION
The patient is entitled to a summary of his medical history and condition
RIGHT TO MEDICAL RECORDS
The patient has the right to communicate with relatives and other persons and to receive visitors subject to
reasonable limits prescribed by the rules and regulations of the health care institution.
RIGHT TO CORRESPONDENCE AND TO RECEIVE VISITORS
The patient has the right to express complaints and grievances about the care and services received
RIGHT TO EXPRESS GRIEVANCES
otherwise known as the Data privacy
Act is a law that seeks to protect all forms of information, be it private, personal or sensitive
It is meant to cover both natural and judicial persons involved in the processing of personal information
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10173
Protects individuals from unauthorized processing of personal
information that is:
1. Private , not publicly available
2. Identifiable, where the identity of the individual is apparent either through direct attribution or when put together with other available information
RA 10173 or the DATA PRIVACY ACT OF 2012
It ensures that the Philippines complies with international standards set for data protection through __
National Privacy Commission (NPC)
Totality of services provided by all health disciplines
An organized plan of health services (Miller-Keane, 1987)
HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
Rendering health care services to the people. (William-Tungpalan, 1981)
The network of health facilities and personnel which carries out the task of rendering health care to the people.
HEALTH CARE DELIVERY
is a complex set of organizations interacting to provide an array of health services (Dizon, 1977)
PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
a health system comprises all organizations and resources devoted to producing actions whose primary intent is to improve health
HEALTH SYSTEM (TINIO, 2008)
THE FOUR ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS OF A HEALTH SYSTEM HAVE BEEN DEFINED AS:
- Service provision
- Resource generation
- Financing
- Stewardship
HEALTH CARE SYSTEM MODELS
- PRIVATE ENTERPRISE HEALTH CARE
- SOCIAL SECURITY HEALTH MODEL
- PUBLICLY FUNDED HEALTH CARE MODEL
- SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE
WHO shall be responsible for the
following: formulation and development of national health policies, guidelines, standards and manual of operations for
health services and programs
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Is already driving the demand
across all sectors of healthcare.
UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE (UHC)
managed by Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PHIC or PhilHealth) was institutionalized and signaled the movement towards a single-payer premium-based financing or insurance system.
NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM (NHIP)
system in the country is complex
as it involves different layers of financial sources, regulatory bodies and health service providers
HEALTH FINANCING
include government hospitals, private hospitals and primary health care
facilities
Hospitals are classified based on ownership as public or
private hospitals
HEALTH FACILITIES
are the main drivers of the
health care system and are essential for the efficient management and operation of the public health system. They are the health educators and providers of health
services. The Philippines has a huge human reservoir for health. However, they are unevenly distributed in the country. Most are concentrated in urban areas such
as Metro Manila and other cities
HEALTH HUMAN RESOURCE
Health promotion, illness prevention
PRIMARY PREVENTION
Diagnosis, treatment
SECONDARY PREVENTION
Rehabilitation, health restoration, palliative care
TERTIARY PREVENTION
Healthy People 2020 goals
Increase quality and years of healthy life
Achieve health equity and eliminate health disparities
Create healthy environment for everyone
Promote health and quality life across the life span
PRIMARY PREVENTION
Hospitals
Emergency care
Intensive care
Around-the-clock care
Health promotion services
Early detection
Routine screening
SECONDARY PREVENTION
Restoration to previous level of health or highest level
possible, given current health status
Rehabilitation to function adequately in the physical,
mental, social, economic, and vocational areas of their lives
Outreach programs for mental health illness
Palliative care
Providing comfort and treatment
End-of-life care conducted in many settings including
the home
TERTIARY PREVENTION
Local health departments develop programs to meet the health needs of the people, providing necessary nursing and staff to carry out these programs,
continue evaluating the effectiveness of the program, and monitoring changing needs
PUBLIC HEALTH
Family practice physicians, specialists
Routine health screening, illness diagnosis, and treatment
NPs more common than RNs in this setting
PHYSICIAN’S OFFICE
RN
Licensed vocational nurse (LVN)
Licensed practical nurse (LPN)
NURSE
Practices not commonly part of Western medicine
ALTERNATIVE (COMPLEMENTARY) CARE PROVIDER
Ensures fiscally sound, appropriate care in the best setting
CASE MANAGER
Mouth, jaw, and dental problems
DENTIST
has knowledge about diets required to maintain health, treat disease
DIETITIAN
has knowledge about nutrition and food; works in community.
NUTRITIONIST
Several categories of first-responder care, such as fire departments
EMERGENCY MEDICAL PERSONNEL
Assists clients with impaired functions to gain skills to perform ADLs
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST
Laboratory
Radiologic
Nuclear medicine
PARAMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST
Prepares, dispenses pharmaceuticals in hospital and community settings
PHARMACIST
Assists clients with musculoskeletal problems
PHYSICAL THERAPIST
Responsible for medical diagnosis, determining therapy
Primary care or specialists
Allopathic, osteopathic
PHYSICIAN
Performs certain tasks under direction of physician
May have similar job description to NP
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
Diagnoses, treats food and ankle conditions
PODIATRIST
Knowledgeable about oxygen therapy devices, accessory
devices
Administers pulmonary function tests
RESPIRATORY THERAPIST
Counsels clients and support persons regarding finances, marital difficulties, adoption of children
SOCIAL WORKER
Chaplains, pastors, rabbis, priests, and other religious or spiritual advisers
Most volunteer
SPIRITUAL SUPPORT PERSONNEL
Assumes delegated aspects of basic client care
Bathing, assisting with feeding, collecting specimens
UNLICENSED ASSISTIVE PERSONNEL (UAP)
Long-tern illness are prevalent among this group, and they frequently require special housing, treatment services, financial support and social networks.
Older adults also need to feel they are part of the community even though they are approaching the end of their lives
INCREASING NUMBER OF OLDER ADULTS
Improved diagnostic procedures and sophisticated equipment permit early recognition of diseases that might otherwise might remain undetected.
ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY
Paying for health care services is becoming a greater problem.
The health care delivery system is very much affected by a country’s total economic status.
The amount for hospital expense has decreased, whereas outpatient and prescription cost doubled from 2007- 2011
ECONOMICS
issues focused on the reproductive health.
Current provision of health care shows an increased emphasis on the psychosocial aspect of women’s health, Including the impact of career, delayed childbearing, role of caregiver to older family members and extended lifespan
WOMEN’S HEALTH
In some remote and rural locations, the number of health care personnel’s and services available to meet the needs
of individuals is insufficient.
An increasing number of health care personnel provide specialized services
UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF SERVICES
Without insurance people receive less preventive care delay or avoid care and medications and diagnosed later in
their illnesses and have higher mortality.
Lack of health insurance is related to income
ACCESS TO HEALTH INSURANCE
Because of the conditions in which homeless people live
(in shelters, on the streets, in parks, in tents under
temporary covers and dwellings and transportation
terminals), their health problems are often exacerbated
and sometimes become chronic.
With ACA, states will have an opportunity to greatly
improve health and health care for vulnerable populations
across the country
THE HOMELESS AND THE POOR
One of the major alterations in how health care is practiced in this country may be attributed to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
(HIPAA).
HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT
Recognition of the cultural and ethnic diversity of the US is also increasing.
Health care professionals and agencies are aware of this diversity and are employing means to meet the challenges
it presents.
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES
