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Nursing Practice 2 > Nursing Care of the Community (Famorca) > Flashcards

Nursing Care of the Community (Famorca) Flashcards

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1
Q

MAJOR GOAL OF CHN

A

health promotion and health maintenance of individual, family and group within
community.

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2
Q

entitles all people to basic necessities, such as adequate income
and health protection, and accepts collective burdens to make possible.

A

MISSION OF PUBLIC HEALTH

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3
Q

DEFINITION OF HEALTH ACCORDING TO:

physical, mental and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

A

WHO

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4
Q

able to use purposeful,
adaptive responses and processes physically, mentally, emotionally,
spiritually, and socially.”

A

DEFINITION OF HEALTH ACCORDING TO: Murray

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5
Q

actualization of inherent and acquired human potential through goaldirected behavior, competent self-care, and satisfying relationship with
others.”

A

DEFINITION OF HEALTH ACCORDING TO: Pender

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6
Q

a state of person that is characterized by soundness or wholeness of
developed human structures and of bodily and mental functioning.

A

DEFINITION OF HEALTH ACCORDING TO: Orem

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7
Q

a result of positive interaction among groups
within the community with an emphasis on health promotion and illness
prevention.

A

SOCIAL HEALTH
* Connot

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8
Q

Seen as a group or collection of locality-based individuals, interacting in social
units, and sharing common interests, characteristics, values, and/ or goals.

A

❖ COMMUNITY

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9
Q

DEFINITION OF COMMUNITY ACCORDING TO:
* Allender

A

interact with one another and whose common
interests or characteristics form the basis for a sense of unity or
belonging.”

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10
Q

DEFINITION OF COMMUNITY ACCORDING TO:

group of people who share something in common and interact with
one another, who may exhibit a commitment with one another and may
share a geographic boundary.”

A

Lundy and Janes

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11
Q

who share common interests, who interact with each
other, and who function collectively within a defined social structure to
address common concerns.”

A

Clark

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12
Q

locality-based entity, composed of systems of formal organizations
reflecting society’s institutions, informal groups, and aggregates.”

A

DEFINITION OF COMMUNITY ACCORDING TO:

Shuster and Goeppinger

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13
Q

Most traditionally recognized.
▪ Defined or formed by both natural and man-made boundaries and include
barangays, municipalities, cities, provinces, regions, and nations.

A

Geopolitical Communities AKA Territorial Communities

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14
Q

Refer to relational, interactive groups, in which the place or setting is
more abstract, and people share a group perspective or identity based on
culture, values, history, interest, and goals.

A

Phenomenological Communities AKA Functional Communities

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15
Q

Typically used to denote a group of people having common personal or
environmental characteristics.

A

POPULATION

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16
Q

Subgroups or subpopulations that have some common characteristics or
concerns

A

❖ AGGREGATES

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17
Q

Higher-income and social status are linked to better health. The greater the gap
between the richest and poor health, the greater differences in health.

A

Income and Social Status

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18
Q

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

A

Income and Social Status
Education
Physical Environment
Employment and Working Conditions
Social Support Networks
Culture
Genetics
Personal Behavior and Coping Skills
Health Services
Gender

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19
Q

Provide morbidity, mortality, and other health status related data.

A

National Epidemiology Center of DOH, PSA, and Local Health Centers/Offices/
Departments

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20
Q

responsible for collecting morbidity and mortality data and forwarding
the information to the higher level of health, such as Provincial Health
office.

A

Local Health Centers/Offices/Departments

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21
Q

“Public health is the science and art of:
* DEFINITION OF PUBLIC HEALTH ACCORDING TO:
▪ C. E. WINSLOW

A
  1. preventing disease,
  2. prolonging life, and
  3. promoting health and efficiency through organized community
    effort for:
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22
Q

“through organized community effort”.

A

PUBLIC HEALTH

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23
Q

o Extends the realm of public health to include organized health efforts at the
community level through both government and private efforts

A

COMMUNITY HEALTH

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24
Q

Activities enhance resources directed at improving well-being

A

Health Promotion

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25
Q

Activities protect people from disease and effects of disease.

A

Disease Prevention

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26
Q

Relates to activities directed at preventing a problem before it occurs
by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible
individuals.

A

Primary Prevention

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27
Q

Early detection and prompt intervention during the period of early
disease pathogenesis.

A

Secondary Prevention

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28
Q

Targets populations that have experienced disease or injury and
focuses on limitations of disability and rehabilitation.
- Aim: Reduce the effects of disease and injury and to restore individuals

A

Tertiary Prevention

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29
Q

Global or umbrella term; broader and more general specialty area that
encompasses subspecialties that include public health nursing, school
nursing, occupational health nursing, a

A
  • DEFINITION OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING ACCORDING TO:
    ▪ AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION (1980)
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30
Q

o A component or subset of CHN
o The synthesis of public health and nursing practice

A

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING

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31
Q

defined as the field of professional practice in
nursing and in public health in which technical nursing, interpersonal, analytical,
and organizational skills are applied to problems of health as they affect the
community.

A

PHN according to FREEMAN (1963):
o Public Health Nursing

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32
Q

Population-focused, with the goals of the promoting health and preventing
disease and disability for all people

A

PHN according to ANA (1996):

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33
Q

Application of the nursing process in caring for individuals, families and group
where they live, work go to go school, or they move through the health care
system

A

Community-Based Nursing

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34
Q

emphasizes preservation and protection of heath
▪ the primary client is the community

A
  • CHN
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35
Q

Emphasizes on managing acute and chronic
▪ the primary clients are the individual and the family

A

Community-based Nursing

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36
Q

specific groups of people and focuses on health promotion and
disease prevention, regardless of geographical location (Baldwin et al., 1998)

A

POPULATION-FOCUSED NURSING

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37
Q

Vital Statistics; census

A

Demographic

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38
Q

Health statistics; disease statistics

A

Groups at High Risk

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39
Q

City directors, phone books, local/regional social
workers, list of low income providers, CH nurse

A

Services/Providers Available

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40
Q

To describe the breadth and scope of public health nursing practice.
▪ Recognized as a framework for community and public health practice

A

THE INTERVENTION WHEEL

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41
Q

THE INTERVENTION WHEEL
3 Important elements

A

▪ It is population-based
▪ It contains 3 levels of practice (Community, Systems, and Individual/Family)
▪ It identifies and defines 12 public health interventions

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42
Q

Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997 (Juan Flavier)

A

R.A. 8423 -

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43
Q

Asthma, cough and colds, fever,
dysentry, pain
→ Skin disease (scabies, ulcer,
eczema), wounds

A

Lagundi

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44
Q

Yerba Buena

A

Headache, stomachache
→ Cough and colds
→ Rheumatism, Asthritis

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45
Q

Sambong

A

Antiedema/antiurolithiasis

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46
Q

Tsaang Gubat

A

Diarrhea
→ Stomachache

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47
Q

Niyogniyogan

A

→ Antielminthic

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48
Q

Bayabas

A

→ Washing wounds
→ Diarrhea, gargle, toothache

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49
Q

Akapulko

A

Antifugal

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50
Q

Ulasimang
Bato/ Pansitpansitan

A

→ Lowers blood uric acid
(rheumatism and gout)

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51
Q

Bawang

A

Hypertension, lowers blood
cholesterol
→ Toothache

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52
Q

Ampalaya

A

Diabetes mellitus (mild noninsulin-dependent)

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53
Q

Individual,Curative
Absence of Disease is the goal

A

Primary Care

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54
Q

Family and community
Promotive and preventive
Self-reliance

A

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

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55
Q

is a value-based process, tracing its roots to three basic
values: (LOCOA, 2005).

A

COMMUNITY ORGANIZING

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56
Q

COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
3 basic valeus

A

Human rights
Social Justice
Social responsibility

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57
Q

involves preparation one the part of the organizer and choosing a
community for partnership

A

PHASES OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZING:
 PRE-ENTRY

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58
Q

community formalizes the start of the organizing process. This is
the stage where the organizer gets to know the community and the community
likewise gets to know the organizer.

A

ENTRY INTO THE COMMUNITY

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59
Q

Health authorities have defined moderation as:

A

Not more than 2 drinks a day for the average sized man
o Not more than 1 drink a day for the average size woman

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60
Q

consuming more than 2 drinks/day on average for men and more than 1 drink per day
for women

A

Heavy Drinking

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61
Q

drinking 5 or more drinks on a single occasion for men / 4 or more drinks on a single
occasion for women

A

Binge drinking

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62
Q

can take the form of heavy drinking/ binge drinking/ both.

A

Excessive Drinking

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63
Q

It allows first-hand assessment of the home situation.
2. The nurse can seek out previously unidentified needs.

A

HOME VISIT

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64
Q

Crude and specific death rates, maternal
mortality, infant mortality, neonatal
mortality, postnatal mortality, child
mortality, etc.

A

Health status indicators
(mortality)

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65
Q

Age-sex structure of the population,
population density, migration, population
growth (crude birth rate, fertility rate)

A

Population indicators

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66
Q

Access to health programs and facilities,
availability of health resources (facilities,
health manpower, finances)

A

Indicators for the provision of
health care

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67
Q

Causes consulting health provider.,
infants exclusively breast-fed for the first
6 months

A

Risk reduction indicators

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68
Q

Quantity of suspended particulate matter,
hydrocarbons, oxidants. Portability of
drinking water

A

Social and economic indicators

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69
Q

DALYs, indicators of restricted activity,
indicators of long-term disability

A

Disability indicators

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70
Q

Reduce child mortality
- Reduce by two-thirds
between 1990 and 2015,
the under-five mortality
rate

A

Goal: 4
Target: 5

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71
Q

Improve maternal
health
- Reduce by three
quarters between 1990
and 2015 the maternal
mortality ratio

A

Goal: 5
Target: 6

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72
Q

Combat HIV/AIDS,
malaria, and other
diseases

A

Goal: 6
Target: 7

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73
Q

The WHO constitution came into force on April 7, 1948.

A

April 7 has been celebrated each year as World Health Day

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74
Q

he following are the eight Millennium Development Goals:

A
  1. to eliminate extreme poverty and hunger;
  2. to achieve global primary education;
  3. to empower women and promote gender equality;
  4. to reduce child mortality;
  5. to promote maternal health;
  6. to fight malaria, HIV/AIDS, and other diseases;
  7. to promote environmental sustainability; and
  8. to develop a universal partnership for development.
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75
Q

The following are the eight MDG’s and the targets corresponding to health related
MDG’s

A

MDG’s 4,5, and 6:

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76
Q

Created by the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth).
o It is tax-exempt government corporation attached to the DOH for policy

A

National Insurance Act of 1995 (R.A. 7875)

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77
Q

“To lead the country in the development of a productive, resilient, equitable and
people-centered health system”

A

DOH Mission

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78
Q

is a primary level health facility in the municipality.

A

The RHU (commonly known as health center)

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79
Q

It is manned by Volunteer Barangay Health Workers (BHW’s) under the supervision of
Rural Health Midwife (RHM).

A

BHS is the first contact health care facility

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80
Q

stipulate that there be one rural health physician to a population of 20,000

A

(IRRSs) of R.A. 7305 or the Magna
Carta of Public Health Workers

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81
Q

enacted to bring about genuine and meaningful local autonomy.

A

R.A 7160 or Local Government Code

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82
Q

refers to the act by which the national government confers power and
authority upon the various LGU’s to perform specific functions and responsibilities.

A

DEVOLUTION

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83
Q

provided for the creation of the Provincial Health Board and the
City/Municipal Health boards, or Local Health Boards.

A

R.A 7160

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84
Q

Occur within the health facility.
* May be made to request for an opinion or suggestion, co-management, or
further management or specialty care.

A

Internal referrals

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85
Q

Also called the Aquino Health Agenda
➢ It is the latest in a series of continuing efforts of the government to bring about health
sector reforms

A

HEALTH SECTOR REFORM: UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE

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86
Q

instrument to increase resources for health that will be
effectively allocated and utilized to improve the financial protection of the poor
and the vulnerable sectors.

A

. Health Financing -

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87
Q

– instrument to transform the health service delivery
structure to address variations in health service utilization and health
outcomes across socioeconomic variables.

A

. Service Delivery –

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88
Q

Pre-pregnancy services and care during pregnancy, delivery, and
postpartum period

A

Reproductive and Maternal Health

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89
Q

Advocacy for exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life,
newborn screening program, immunization, nu

A
  1. Expanded Garantisadong Pambata (child health)
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90
Q

Tuberculosis, mosquito-borne diseases, rabies, schistosomiasis, and
sexually transmitted infections

A

Control of communicable disease

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91
Q

Prenatal Package

A

Prenatal visits
* At least four visits
Micronutrient
Tetanus toxoid
Early Detections
Prevention and Management
Birth planning

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92
Q

Childbirth Package

A

Access to basic emergency obstetric and newborn care (BEmONC) or
comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care (CEmONC)
services

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93
Q

Newborn (First Week of Life) Care Package

A

Interventions within the first 90 minutes
* Immediate thorough frying
* Skin-to-skin contact between mother and newborn.
* Cord clamping 1-3 minutes after birth is recommended
* Early initiation of breastfeeding (within 1 hour after birth)
* Non-separation of baby from the mother (rooming-in)

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94
Q

TWO BASIC FUNCTIONS
* Navigations functions
* Basic Delivery functions

A

THREE LEVELS OF CARE IN THE MNCHN SERVICE DELIVERY NETWORK
1. Community level service providers or community health care team

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95
Q

6 signal obstetric function
→ Parenteral administration of oxytocin in the third stage of labor
→ Parenteral administration of loading dose of anticonvulsant
→ Performance of assisted deliveries (imminent breech delivery)
→ Removal of retained products or conception
→ Manual removal of retained placenta

A

A BemONC-capable facility

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96
Q

Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act Of 2002
▪ Informally known as Reproductive Health Law
▪ Signed by Benigno Aquino III on January 17, 2013

A

RA 10254 –

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97
Q

The guiding principles of the FP program also called the four pillars of the
(PFFP) are as follows.

A
  1. Responsible parenthood
  2. Respect for life
  3. Birth spacing
  4. Informed choice
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98
Q

Fertility awareness-based (FAB) method

A
  1. Billings’ ovulation method (BOM)
  2. Basal body temperature (BBT)
  3. Symptothermal method
  4. Standard Days Methods (SDM)
  5. Two-day Method
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99
Q

Newborn Screening (NBS)

A

Ideally done on the 48th -72nd hour of life; also, be done after 24hours of life but
not later than 3days from the complete delivery of the newborn.

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100
Q

Inability to produce thyroid
hormone

Severe Mental
Retardation

A

Congenital
Hypothyroidism

101
Q

Inherited disorder
- Inability of the adrenal gland to
secrete cortisol or aldosterone,
or both.

Death

A

. Congenital Adrenal
Hyperplasia

102
Q

Inherited disorder
- The body unable to metabolize
galactose and the person is
unable to tolerate any form of
milk.

Death
Cataracts

A

Galactosemia

103
Q

Without the ability to properly
break down an amino acid
called phenylalanine.

A

. Phenylketonuria

104
Q
  • The red blood cells break down
    when the body is exposed to
    certain drugs, food, severe
    stress or severe infection
A
  1. Glucose-6-
    phosphatedehydrogenase
    (C6PD Deficiency)
105
Q
  • Unable to break down amino
    acid leucine, isoleucine, and
    valine
  • Urine of affected person smells
    like maple syrup
A

Maple Syrup Urine
Disease

106
Q

Newborn Screening is available in:

A

Hospitals
* Lying-in clinics
* RHUs
* Health centers
* Some private clinics

107
Q

Newborn Screening Results
o Normal (Negative)

A

Results are available 7 – 14 working days from the time samples are received at
the NSC.

108
Q

also known as the UNIVERSAL NEWBORN HEARING SCREENING AND
INTERVENTION

A

RA 9709 –

109
Q

AKA MANDATORY INFANT AND CHILDREN HEALTH IMMUNIZATION ACT OF 2011

A

➢ RA 10152

110
Q

provided for COMPULSARY IMMUNIZATION AGAINST HEPATITIS B FOR INFANTS
AND CHILDREN BELOW 8 YEARS OLD.

A

RA 7846 –

111
Q

Formulas to Estimate Eligible Population:

A

Estimated number of infant = total population x 2.7%

112
Q

EPI vaccines and the special diluents have the following cold chain requirements:
* OPV:

A

15 to 25oC; must be stored in the freezer

113
Q

Fully Immunized Children (FIC)

A

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)
▪ 3 doses of Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)
▪ 3 doses of Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus Vaccine
▪ 3 doses of Hepatitis B
▪ 3 doses of Pentavalent vaccine (Contains five antigens – diphtheria, pertussis,
tetanus, and hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b)
▪ 1 dose of anti-measles.

114
Q

Those who completed their immunization schedule at the age of 12 -23 months.

A

Completely Immunized Children
o Those who completed their i

115
Q

used to describe a child whose mother has received:
a. 2 doses of tetanus toxoid during this pregnancy, provided that the 2nd dose was given at
least a month prior to delivery; or
b. at least 3 doses of tetanus toxoid any time prior to pregnancy with this child.

A

➢ A child protected at birth (CPAB)

116
Q

also known as the MILK CODE

A

✓ EO no. 51

117
Q

provided for the observance of the NATIONAL FOOD FORTIFICATION day in
November 7.

A

EO no. 382 –

118
Q

– also known as ROOMING-IN AND BREASTFEEDING ACT

A

RA 7600

119
Q

– also known as ASIN (ACT FOR SALT IODIZATION NATIONWIDE)

A

✓ RA 8172

120
Q

also known as the PHILIPPINE FOOD FORTIFICATION ACT

A

RA 8976

121
Q

also known as EXPANDED BREASTFEEDING PROMOTION ACT

A

RA 10028 –

122
Q

also known as EXPANDED GARANTISADONG PAMBATA

A

AO 36, s2010 –

123
Q

Infant receives breast milk and allows to receive oral hydration salt, drops,
syrups (minerals, vitamins, medicines) but nothing else.

A

Exclusive breastfeeding

124
Q

Children aged 1-2years is done every 6months.
▪ 12-24months are given Abendazole 200mg or half tablet or Mebendazole 500mg
tab

A

Deworming

125
Q

100,000 IU is given to 6-11months; 200,000 IU is given to 12-71months old

A

Vitamin A Capsule

126
Q

Top 10 Causes of Mortality in the Philippines (2009)

A
  1. Diseases of the heart
  2. Cerebrovascular diseases
  3. Malignant neoplasm
  4. Pneumonia
  5. Tuberculosis
  6. COPD
  7. Diabetes
  8. Nephritis, Nephrotic syndrome
  9. Assault
  10. Certain conditions arising from perinatal period
127
Q

“CAUTION US

A

C- change in bowel or bladder habits
A- a sore throat that does not heal
U- unusual bleeding or discharge
T- thickening or lump in breast
I- Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O- Obvious change in a wart or mole
N- Nagging cough or hoarseness
U- Unexplained anemia
S- Sudden weight loss

128
Q

Magna Carta for Disabled Persons
* National Health Program for Persons With Disabilities
o Vision
▪ Improve the total well-being of persons with disabilities (PWDs)

A

R.A. 7277-

129
Q

National Healthy Lifestyle Advocacy Campaign. Declaring
the years 2005- 2015 as the decade of healthy lifestyle.

A

Executive Order No.
958

130
Q

Free emergency medical and dental treatment for
employees.

A

R.A. 1054

131
Q

Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003. Regulates the packaging,
use, sale, distribution, and advertisements of tobacco
products

A

R.A. 9211

132
Q

Penalties for Violations of the Dangerous Drug Act of
1972.

A

R.A. 6425

133
Q

Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 2002.

A

R.A. 9165

134
Q

Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997.

A

R.A. 8423

135
Q

Guidelines for the Implementation of the National
Prevention of Blindness Program.

A

Administrative Order
No. 179 series of 2004

136
Q

Creation of a Program Management Committee for the
National Prevention of Blindness Program.

A

Department
Personnel Order No.
2005-0547

137
Q

Declaring the month of August every year as “Sight
Saving Month”

A

Proclamation No. 40

138
Q

Magna Carta for Disabled Persons. An act providing for
the rehabilitation and self-reliance of disabled persons
and their integration into the mainstream of society and
for other purposes.

A

R.A. 7277

139
Q

An act restructuring the Excise Tax on Alcohol and
Tobacco, which prescribes higher tax rates on tobacco
and alcohol products. The law imposes higher taxes on
cigarette and alcohol products for the next five years. It

A

R.A 10352

140
Q

Disease occurs only occasionally
o Ex: botulism, tetanus

A

Sporadic Disease

141
Q

Constantly present in a population, country or
community
o Ex: Pulmonary Tuberculosis

A

Endemic Disease –

142
Q

Acquire disease in a relatively short period greater
than normal number of cases in an area within a short period of time

A

Epidemic Disease

143
Q

Time interval between the initial infection and the 1st appearance of any signs
and symptoms

A

Incubation Period

144
Q

Early, mild symptoms of disease

A

Prodromal Period

145
Q

Overt signs and symptoms of disease
▪ WBC may increase or decrease can result to death if immune response or
medical intervention fails

A

Period of Illness

146
Q

Signs and symptoms subside
▪ Vulnerable to secondary infection

A

Period of Decline

147
Q

Regains strength and the body returns to its
▪ Pre diseased state
▪ Recovery has occurred

A

Period of Convalescence

148
Q

DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER Vectors

A

▪ Aedes aegypti (breeds in water stored in houses)
▪ Aedes albopictu

149
Q

High grade fever, headache, body malaise, conjunctival injection,
vomiting, epistaxis or gum bleeding, positive tourniquet test.

A

First 4 days – Febrile or Invasive stage

150
Q

4th – 7th day – Toxic or Hemorrhagic Stage

A

After the lyze of the fever, this is where the complication of dengue is
expected to come out as manifested by:

151
Q

Dengue fever, saddleback fever plus constitutional signs and
symptoms plus positive tornique test

A

Grade I –

152
Q

Stage I plus spontaneous bleeding, epistaxis, GI, cutaneous bleeding

A

2

153
Q

Dengue Shock Syndrome, all of the following signs and symptoms
plus evidence of circulatory failure

A

3

154
Q

Grade III plus irreversible shock and massive bleeding

A

4

155
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti and Bulgaria malayi
▪ Transmitted to the bite of infected female mosquito (Aedes, Anopheles, Mansonia)
▪ The larvae are carried in the blood stream and lodged in lymphatic vessels and lymph
glands where they mature in adult form

A

FILARIASIS

156
Q

a zoonotic systemic infection caused by Leptospira, that penetrate intact and
abraded skin through exposure to water, wet soil contaminated with urine of
infected animals.

A

LEPTOSIPROSIS (WEIL’S DISEASE)

157
Q

Hepatic and renal manifestation
- Jaundice, hepatomegaly
- Oliguria, anuria which progress to renal failure
- Shock, coma, CHF
- Convalescent Period

A

-Icteric Type (Weil Syndrome)

158
Q

manifested by fever, conjunctival injection
- signs of meningeal irritation

A

Anicteric Type (without jaundice)

159
Q

AKA “King of the Tropical Disease”
- An acute and chronic infection caused by protozoa plasmodia
- Infectious but not contagious
- Transmitted through the bite of female Anopheles mosquito

A

MALARIA

160
Q

more widely distributed
- causes benign tertian malaria
- chills and fever every 48 hours in 3 days

A

Plasmodium vivax

161
Q

common in the Philippines
- Causes the most serious type of malaria because of high parasitic densities in blood.
- Causes malignant tertian malaria

A

➢ Plasmodium falciparum

162
Q

much less frequent
- causes quartan malaria, fever and chills every 72 hrs in 4 days

A

Plasmodium malaria

163
Q

Rarely seen type of malaria

A

Plasmodium ovale

164
Q

Clinical Manifestation Stages
1. Cold stage – 10-15 mins, chills, shakes
2. Hot stage – 4-6 hours, recurring high grade fever, severe headache, vomitting,
abdominal pain, face is blue
3. Diaphoretic Stage – excessive sweating

A

Malaria

165
Q

-Caused by bacterial pathogen, N. meningitidis, H. Influenza, Strep. Pneumoniae,
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

A

Inflammation of the meninges

166
Q

The ear (otitis media) -

A

Haemophilus influenzae

167
Q

o The lung (lobar pneumoniae)

A
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
168
Q
  • Neisseria meningitidis,
    Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus, Group B
A

he upper respiratory tract (rhinopharyngitis)

169
Q

The skin and subcutaneous tissue (furunculosis)

A

S. aureus

170
Q

The bone (osteomyelitis)

A

S. aureus

171
Q

The intestine

A

E. coli

172
Q

Clinical Manifestation: Sudden onset of high-grade fever, rash and rapid deterioration
of clinical condition within 24 hours

A

 MENINGOCOCCEMIA
- Caused by Neisseria meningitides, a gram-negative diplococcus
- Transmitted through airborne or close contact

173
Q
  • Spiking Fever
  • Chills
  • Arthralgia
  • Sudden appearance of hemorrhagic rash
A

Meningococcemia

174
Q

Septic Shock
- Hypotension
- Tachycardia
- Enlarging Petechial Rash
- Adrenal Insufficiency

A

Fulminant Meningococcemia (Waterhouse Friderichsen)

175
Q

Acute viral encephalomyelitis
* Incubation period is 4 days up to 19 years

A

RABIES

176
Q

fever, headache, paresthesia,

A

Prodrome -

177
Q

excessive motor activity, hypersensitivity to bright light, loud
noise, hypersalivation, dilated pupils

A

Encephalitic –

178
Q

dysphagia, hydrophobia, apnea

A

Brainstem dysfunction –

179
Q

Diagnosis
o FAT (fluorescent antibody test)
o Clinical history and signs and symptoms

A

Rabies

180
Q

Disease of the lower motor neuron involving the anterior horn cells
- Infantile paralysis
- AKA Heine-Medin disease

A

POLIOMYELITIS
- RNA, Poli

181
Q

Lie the victim flat
- ice compress and constructivist materials are contraindicated
- Transport the patient to the nearest hospital

A

SNAKEBITE

182
Q

Difficulty of opening the mouth (trismus or lockjaw)
-Risus sardonicus (lockjaw)
-Abdominal rigidity
-Localized or generalized muscle spasm

A

 TETANUS

183
Q

severe jaundice
o edema
o ascites
o hepatosplenomegaly
o Signs and symptoms of portal hypertension

A

Schistosomiasis

184
Q

Schistosomiasis
- caused by blood flukes, Schistosoma
- has 3 species

A

S. haematobium, S. Mansoni, S. japonicum (Ph)

185
Q

Spread chiefly by carriers, ingestion of infected foods
- Endemic particularly in areas of low sanitation levels
- Occurs more common in May to August

A

TYPHOID FEVER

186
Q

Rose spot (abdominal rashes), more than 7days Step ladder fever 40-41 deg,
headache, abdominal pain, constipation (adults), mild diarrhea (children)

A

TYPHOID FEVER

187
Q

Poor sanitation, contaminated water supply, unsanitary preparation of food,
malnutrition, disaster conditions
➢ Incubation Period: 15-50 days
➢ Signs/Symptoms:
- Influenza
- Malaise and easy fatigability
- Anorexia and abdominal discomfort
- Nausea and vomiting

A

HEPATITIS A

188
Q

Main cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer
➢ Incubation Period: 2-5 months
➢ Mode of Transmission
- From person to person through
- contact with infected blood through broken skin and mucous membrane

A

 HEPATITIS B

189
Q

Mode of transmission – percutaneous, BT
- Predisposing factors – paramedical teams and blood recipients
- Incubation period – 2weeks – 6 month

A

HEPATITIS C

190
Q

Dormant type
- Can be acquired only if with hepatitis B

A

Hepa D

191
Q

If hepatitis __recurs at age 20-30, it can lead to cancer of the liver
- Enteric hepatitis
- Fecal-oral route

A

HEPATITIS E
- If h

192
Q

4 characteristic features
i. Coryza
ii. Conjunctivitis
iii. Photophobia
iv. Cough
→ Koplik’s spots
→ Stimson’s line

A

MEASLES

193
Q

Maculopapular rashes appear first on the hairline, forehead, post
auricular area the spread to the extremities (cephalocaudal)

A

b. Eruptive Stage

194
Q

teratogenic potential on the fetus of women in the 1st trimester
➢ Signs and Symptoms
o Forchheimer Spots (petecchial lesion on buccal cavity or soft palate),
o Cervical lymphadenopathy, low grade fever
o “Oval, rose red papules about the size of pinhead

A

GERMAN MEASLES (RUBELLA)

195
Q

Fever, malaise, headache
▪ Rashes: Maculopapulovesicular (covered areas), Centrifugal, starts on face and
trunk and spreads to entire body

A

CHICKEN POX, VARICELLA

196
Q

Signs and symptoms:Rashes:
* Maculopapulovesiculopustular
* Centripetal
* contagious until all crusts disappeared

A

V. SMALLPOX, VARIOLA

197
Q

Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
▪ Children younger than 5 years old are primarily affected.
▪ Associated with large coronary blood vessel vasculitits

A

KAWASAKI DISEASE

198
Q

Characterized by generalized systemic toxemia from a localized inflammatory focus
→ Infants immune for 6 months of life
→ Produces exotoxin

A

VII. DIPTHERIA

199
Q

5-10 spasms of explosive cough (no time to catch breath. A peculiar inspiratory
crowing sound followed by prolonged expiration and a sudden noisy inspiration
with a long high pitched “whoop”

A

WHOOPING COUGH

200
Q

Susceptibility is highest in children under 3 years
- AKA: Koch’s disease: Galloping consumption
➢ Signs and Symptoms
- Weight Loss
- Night Sweats
- Low Fever,

A

PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

201
Q

Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus
- Respiratory
- Incubation 2-5 days
- Fever, red sandpaper rash, white strawberry tongue, flushed cheeks, red strawberry

A

SCARLET FEVER

202
Q

: fever, severe abdominal pain, diarrhea is watery to bloody with
pus, tenesmus

A

BACILLARY DYSENTERY - SHIGELLOSIS

203
Q

Vibrio coma (inaba, ogawa, hikojima), vibrio cholerae, vibrio el tor; gram (-)

A

CHOLERA

204
Q

Leads to iron deficiency and hypochromic microcytic anemia
- Gain entry via the skin
- Diagnosis: microscopic exam (stool exam)

A

HOOKWORM (ROUNDWORM)

205
Q

Chronic parasitic infection
- Closely resembles PTB
- Endemic areas: mindoro, camarines sur, norte, samar, sorsogon, leyte, albay, basilan
- Paragonimiasis
- AKA: Lung fluke disease

A

PARAGONIMIASIS

206
Q

Adult worms live less than 10 months (18 months max.)
* Female can produce up to 200000 eggs per day

A

ASCARIASIS
* Common worldwide with greatest frequency in tropical countries.

207
Q

Taenia saginata (cattle), Taenia Solium (pigs)
* Mode of Transmission: fecal oral route
(ingestion of food contaminated by the agent)
* Signs and Symptoms: neurocysticercosis – seizures, hydrocephalus

A

TAPEWORM (FLATWORMS)

208
Q

Enterobius vermicularis
* Mode of Transmission: fecal oral route

A

PINWORM

209
Q

Single celled dinoflagellates (red planktons) become poisonous after heavy rain fall
preceded by prolonged summer

A

PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING

210
Q

Diplopia, dysphagia, symmetric descending flaccid paralysis,
ptosis, depressed gag reflex, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, respiratory paralysis

A

BOTULISM

211
Q

Presence of Hansen’s bacilli in stained smear or dried biopsy material.
o Presence of localized areas of anesthesia

A

LEPROSY

212
Q

nfectious disease of birds caused by Type A strains of the influenza virus
o First identified in Italy more than 100 years ago

A

AVIAN INFLUENZA

213
Q

influenza A (H5N1) infection have been reported in Cambodia, China,
Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam.
▪ Clinical manifestations
o Patients develop fever, sore throat, cough, in fatal cases, severe respiratory
distress may result secondary to pneumonia

A

. BIRD FLU

214
Q

Most widely used influenza vaccine
o Administered IM
o Indicated for all persons older than 6 months of age
o Studies in children have shown efficacy from 30-90%

A

DEADLY AVIAN FLU

215
Q

Females: usually asymptomatic or minimal urethral discharge w/ lower
abdominal pain, sterility, or ectopic pregnancy
→ Male: Mucopurulent discharge, painful urination, decreased sperm count

A

GONORRHEA, MORNING DROP, CLAP, JACK

216
Q

Treponema pallidum, spirochete
o “Beautiful” fast moving but delicate spiral thread
o Incubation Period: 10-90 days

A

SYPHILIS

217
Q

systemic; generalized macular papular rash including palms and soles
and painless wartlike lesions in vulva or scrotum (condylomata lata) and
lymphadenopathy

A

Secondary

218
Q

Painful sexual intercourse, Painful vesicles (cervix, vagina,
perineum, glans penis)

A

HERPES GENITALIS

219
Q

Condyloma Acuminatum
o HPV type 6 & 11, papilloma virus
o Signs and symptoms: Single or multiple soft, fleshy painless growth of the vulva,
vagina, cervix, urethra, or anal area, Vaginal bleeding, discharge, odor and

A

GENITAL WARTS

220
Q

Cheesy white discharge, extreme itchiness
o Diagnosis: KOH (wet smear indicate positive result)

A

CANDIDIASIS, MONILIASIS

221
Q

Females: itching, burning on urination, Yellow gray frothy malodorous vaginal
discharge, Foul smelling
▪ Males: usually asymptomatic

A

➢ TRICHOMONIASIS

222
Q

(1 mo after initial exposure) – fever, malaise,
lymphadenopathy

A

Acute viral illness

223
Q

8 yrs w/ no sx; towards end, bacterial and skin infections and
constitutonal sx – AIDS related complex; CD4 counts 400-200

A

Clinical latency

224
Q

2 yrs; CD4 T lymphocyte < 200 w/ (+) ELISA or Western Blot and
opportunistic infections

A

AIDS

225
Q

CD4+ 500 OR MORE

A

HIV CLASSIFICATION
▪ CATEGORY 1 –

226
Q

CD4+ 200-499

A

2

227
Q

CD4+ LESS THAN 200

A

3

228
Q

code of sanitation

A

PD 856-

229
Q

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000

A

R.A. 9003

230
Q

all discarded nonhazardous household commercial and Institutional
waste, street sweepings, and construction debris.

A

Municipal Waste

231
Q

Refers to the refuse that is generated in the diagnosis, treatment or
immunization of human beings or animals together with those related to
the production or research of the same.

A

Health Care Waste

232
Q

Nonhazardous and non-biodegradable waste.

A

Black/Colorless

233
Q

Nonhazardous biodegradable wastes

A

o Green

234
Q

Pathological/anatomical waste

A

Yellow with Biohazard Symbol

235
Q

Pharmaceutical/cytotoxic or chemical waste.

A

Yellow with Black Band

236
Q

Infectious wastes

A

o Yellow Bag that can be Autoclaved

237
Q

radioactive wastes

A

o Orange with Radioactive Symbol

238
Q

– Food and Drug Administration Act

A

R. A. 9711 –

239
Q

occurs before a disaster is imminent and is known as the “nondisaster stage.

A

Preventions Stage

240
Q

– includes training in first aid, assembling a disaster
emergency kit, establishing a predetermined meeting place away from home, and
making a family communication plan

A

Preparedness and Planning Stage

241
Q

– begins immediately after the disaster incident occurs
a. Includes evacuation, search and rescue, and staging area (the on-site incident
command station), and triage area

A

Response Stage –

242
Q

begins when the danger from the disaster has passed and
concerned local and national agencies are present in the area to help victims rebuild
their lives and the community

A

Recovery Stage –

243
Q

Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act;

A

R.A. 10121 –

244
Q

provides the public, media, and/or other agencies with required
information related to the incident

A

Public Information Officer

245
Q

nearly everyone feels the need to rush to help people survive
a. Medical personnel may work hours without sleep, under dangerous and lifethreatening conditions; may help in areas in which they’re not familiar and have
no experience

A

Heroic Phase

246
Q

survivors gather and begin to tell their stories and review
repeatedly what has occurred

A

Honeymoon Phase

247
Q

feelings of despair arise
a. Medical personnel may begin to experience depression due to exhaustion

A

Disillusionment Phase –

248
Q

some sense of normalcy in returning
a. Restored some of the buildings, business, homes and services

A

Reconstruction Phase –

249
Q

can occur following an individual’s
experiencing or witnessing a life-threatening event; often relive the experience
through nightmares and flashbacks

A

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) –

Nursing Practice 2 (5 decks)

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