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MCN 109Lec Midterm > Nursing Care of a Child with Respiratory Disorders > Flashcards

Nursing Care of a Child with Respiratory Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

the exchange of gases from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure.
It occurs at the alveolo-capillary membrane.

A

Diffusion

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2
Q

the availability & movement of blood for transport of gases, nutrients & metabolic waste products.

A

Perfusion

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3
Q

Part of Pons that is responsible for the rhythmic quality of breathing.

A

Pneumotaxic center

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4
Q

responsible for deep, prolonged inspiration

A

Apneustic center

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5
Q

Factors Affecting Respiratory Rate (RR

A 
Exercise
Stress
Environment
Increased Altitude
Medications
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6
Q

prolonged deep breaths. CO2 is excessively exhaled (respiratory alkalosis.)

A

Hyperventilation

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7
Q

slow & shallow. CO2 is excessively retained (respiratory acidosis).

A

Hypoventilation

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8
Q

Prolonged inspiratory phase =

A

upper airway obstruction
Croup (inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and major bronchi) Laryngotracheobronchitis
Foreign body

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9
Q

Laboratory Tests in respiratory disorders (labspecimen)

A

Arterial blood gases
Nasopharyngeal culture
Sputum analysis

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10
Q

Diagnostic Tests in Respiratory

A 
Chest x-ray
Sweat chloride Test
MRI
Laryngoscope / bronchoscopy
CT Scan
Pulmonary Function Tests
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11
Q

ay be ordered for children with chronic lung disease because this technique can best mark disease progress.

A

Computed tomography (CT) scans

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12
Q

visualization of the bronchi through a bronchoscope

A

Bronchoscopy

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13
Q

measures the forces of innertia, elasticity, and flow resistance

A

Pulmonary Function Test

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14
Q

instilling saline nose drops or using saline nasal sprays can be effective at moistening and loosening dried mucus in the nose

A

Expectorant Therapy

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15
Q

re mechanical devices that provide a stream of moistened air directly into the respiratory tract

A

Nebulizers

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16
Q

most frequent respiratory disorder seen in children and is spread through families easily.

A

common cold

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17
Q

hand-held device that provide that provides a route for medication administration directly to the respiratory tract.

A

Metered-Dose Inhalers

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18
Q

Signs of Severe Respiratory Distress

A 
Nasal flaring and grunting
Severe retractions
Diminished breath sounds
Hypotonia
Decreased oxygen saturations
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19
Q

Rhinitis Treatment

A

Antihistamines
Competitive inhibitors for histamine at the mast cell receptor sites
Benadryl – OTC medication

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20
Q

Treatment of Sinusitis

A 
Normal saline nose drops
Warm pack to face
Acetaminophen for pain
Increase oral fluid intake
Antibiotics
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21
Q

Treatment for Tonsillitis

A

Antibiotics X ten days if positive for beta strep
Acetaminophen for pain
Cold fluids
Saline gargles

22
Q

Post operative care: Tonsillectomy

A

Side lying position
Ice collar
Watch out for frequent swallowing
Cool fluids / soft diet

23
Q

Croup also called?

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis or Acute spasmotic croup

24
Q

Management of Croup

A 
Home care: 
Cool mist 
Fluids
Hospital care:
Racemic epinephrine inhalant
Mist tent – not used much anymore
Dexamethasone IV over 1 to several minutes
25
Q 
Agent: Bordetella Pertussis
Source: respiratory 
Transmission: droplet
Incubation: 10 days
Period of communicability: before onset of paroxysms to 4 weeks after onset
A

Pertussis or Whooping cough

26
Q

Management of Pertussis

A

Respiratory support as needed
Suctioning
Oxygen to keep oxygen saturation at > 98 %
Nutritional support
IV fluids
Erythromycin, Zithromax or Biaxin for child & all exposed family members

27
Q

Highly contagious with up to 90% of household contacts developing disease after contact.

3-4 days isolation

A

Pertussis

28
Q 
Acute inflammation of supra-glottic structures.
Medical emergency
Sudden onset
High fever
Dysphasia and drooling
A

Epilottitis

29
Q

Management of Epiglottitis

A

Ceftriaxone – third-generation cephalosporin for 7 to 10 days

30
Q

cessation of respiration lasting longer than 20 seconds.

A

Apnea

31
Q

Associated with community epidemic

Febrile, URI, achy joints,

A

Influenza

32
Q

Management: Influenza

A 
Acetaminophen for fever
Vit. C
Fluids
Keep away from others
Watch for signs of pneumonia
33
Q

Bronchioles become narrowed or occluded as a result of inflammatory process, edema, mucus & cellular debris clog alveoli.

A

Bronchiolitis

34
Q

Management of Bronchiolitis

A

Oxygen to maintain oxygen saturation >than 95%
Pulse oximeter
Normal saline nose drops before suctioning
Deep suction especially before feeding
CPT- (Chest pulmo phy)

35
Q

spread from respiratory secretions through close contact with infected persons or contact with contaminated surfaces or objects.

A

RSV(Respiratory Syn Virus ) Positive - Isolation

36
Q

nflammatory condition of the lungs

in which alveoli fill with fluid or blood

resulting in poor oxygenation & air

exchange.

A

Pneumonia

37
Q

Management of Pneumonia

A 
Assess for respiratory distress
NPO (RR > 60 = high risk for aspiration)
IV fluids
Oxygen as need to keep oxygen saturation above 95%
CPT 
Deep suctioning
Acetaminophen for fever
38
Q

hronic, progressive, genetic illness involving the digestive system & lungs.

A

Cystic Fibrosis

39
Q 
Meconium ileus at birth
Failure to thrive
Steatorrhea stools / constipation
Voracious appetite with poor weight gain
Recurrent respiratory infections
Chronic cough
A

Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis

40
Q

Diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis

A

Positive sweat test
Genetic marker
Life long management

41
Q

Medications for Cystic Fibrosis

A

Bronchodilators to open airways
Vitamin C to improve absorption of other meds
Vitamins A,D,E,K

42
Q

chronic, inflammatory lung disease involving recurrent breathing problems.

A

Asthma

43
Q

Medical Management of Asthma

A 
High fowlers position / bed rest
Pulse oximetry
Nebulized albuterol 
CPT
Methylprednisone / Solu-medrol IV
IV fluids
Oxygen to keep oxygen sats > 95%
44
Q

Home Management of Asthma

A

Peak flow spirometer
Identify triggers
Maximize lung function

45
Q

Home Medications for Asthma

Rescue drugs:

A

short acting albuterol beta 2 agonist – used as a quick-relief agent for acute bronchospas

46
Q

Anti-inflammatory or preventative for Asthma

A

low-dose inhaled corticosteroid: inhaled or oral prednisone

47
Q

always give with food to decrease GI upset.

medication

A

Oral Prednisone

48
Q

Anti-inflammatories

Home Medications for Asthma

A 
Oral prednisone (Pedia-pred, Prelone, Liquid pred) recommended for short course in moderate or severe exacerbation
Inhaled: Pulmicort, AeroBid, Flovent
49
Q

occurs in newborns who are born prematurely & or have a variety of pulmonary disorders &

A

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

50
Q 
Persistent respiratory distress
Dependent on supplemental oxygen
Failure to thrive
Gastro-esophageal reflux
Pulmonary hypertension
A

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

51
Q

Long Term Management of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

A 
Supplemental oxygen
CPT
Bronchodilators
Diuretics (pulmonary hypertension)
Anti-inflammatory medication
Nutritional support: oral formula + NG supplement
Gastrostomy tube (GER)
Bicarbonate in formula due to chronic state of acidosis

MCN 109Lec Midterm (5 decks)

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