nursing Care of A Child With Renal or Urinary Tract Disorder Flashcards
functioning unit of the kidney, consists of a glomerulus (a filtrating unit) and a complex set of tubules with accompanying blood supply.
Nephron
significant decrease in urine production is
oliguria;
bsence of urine production i
anuria
product released during muscle cell metabolism
Creatinine
One of the most revealing tests of kidney function is also one of the simplest:
Urinalysis
he rate at which substances are filtered from the blood to the urine. It is measured by the amount of creatinine (the breakdown product of creatine from muscle
Clearance Rate Glomerular filtration rate is the rate
second way to assess glomeruli filtration ability.
Radioisotope Scanning
measures the level of urea in blood and is used to assess glomerular function
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test
can detect differing sizes of kidneys or ureters and can differentiate between solid or cystic kidney masses.
Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
done to evaluate for possible vesicoureteral reflux or urethral stenosis.
examination of the bladder and ureter openings by direct examinatio
Cystoscopy
involves passing a thin biopsy needle into the kidney through the skin over the kidney.
Renal Biopsy
the separation and removal of solutes from body fluid by diffusion through a semipermeable membrane.
Dialysis
uses the membrane of the peritoneal cavity to do this. Hemodialysis uses an outside synthetic membrane to do this.
Peritoneal Dialysis
uses the membrane of the peritoneal cavity to do this. Hemodialysis uses an outside synthetic membrane to do this.
Peritoneal Dialysis
Peritoneal Dialysis is usually begun when the serum creatinine level reache
10 mg/100 mL
often revealed by fetal ultrasound as there is no anterior wall of the bladder and no anterior skin covering on the lower anterior abdomen.
Exstrophy
Postoperative Interventions for Exstrophy
Position the infant on the back or in an infant chair to prevent feces from coming forward and contaminating the incision line.
urethral defect in which the urethral opening is not at the end of the penis but on the ventral (lower) aspect of the penis.
Hypospadias
similar defect in which the opening is on the dorsal surface of the penis
Epispadias
Most urinary pathogens are in UTI?
gram-negative rods. E. coli is a frequent offender.
q
refers to retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters because the valve that guards the entrance from the bladder to the ureter is defective
Vesicoureteral reflux
enlargement of the pelvis of the kidney with urine as a result of back-pressure in the ureter
Hydronephrosis
involuntary passage of urine past the age when a child should be expected to have attained bladder control
Enuresis
The infant with kidney agenesis often has
Potter’s syndrome or accompanying misshapen, low-set ears and hypoplastic
means that large, fluid-filled cysts have formed in place of normal kidney tissue.
Polycystic kidney
reduced growth. Hypoplastic kidneys contain fewer lobes than normal kidneys and are small and underdeveloped.
Renal Hypoplasia
severe urinary tract dilation that develops as early as intrauterine life from an unknown cause.
Prune belly syndrome
condition is marked by the presence of three symptoms: deficiency of usual abdominal muscle tone, bilateral undescended testes, and the dilated faulty development of the bladder and upper urinary tract.
Prune Belly Syndrome
inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney, may occur as a separate entity but usually occurs as an immune complex disease after infection with nephritogenic streptococci
Glomerulonephritis
Nursing Responsiblity for Acute glomerulonephritis
Diet is controversial
Salt restriction
altered glomerular permeability due to fusion of the glomeruli membrane surfaces, causes abnormal loss of protein in urine.
Nephrosis,
our characteristic symptoms of nephrotic syndrome are
proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia (low serum albumin level), and hyperlipidemia (increased blood lipid level).
Children may show only urinary abnormalities such as proteinuria or may have a rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis.
Henoch-Schönlein Syndrome Nephritis
an autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies and antigens cause deposits of complement in the kidney glomerulus.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE
the lining of glomerular arterioles becomes inflamed, swollen, and occluded with particles of platelets and fibrin.
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
accumulation of nitrogen waste in the bloodstream
Azotemia
extra accumulation of nitrogen wastes in the blood, with additional toxic symptoms such as cerebral irritation
Uremia
loss of nephron function, kidneys cannot concentrate urine. This results in polyuria, possibly manifested as enuresis.
Chronic renal failure
Children with chronic renal failure are generally placed on a
low-protein, low-phosphorus, low-potassium diet to prevent rapid urea and phosphate buildup.
People who cannot donate a kidney include those with
multiple bilateral small renal arteries, bilateral renal disease, renal infection, advanced medical illness, severe obesity, or hypertension.
group of antigens found on the surfaces of all cells with a nucleus, including blood components such as leukocytes and platelets.
Human Leukocyte Antigen Typing
Acute transplant rejection, if it occurs, usually develops within the
first 3 months after transplantation.
