nursing Care of A Child With Renal or Urinary Tract Disorder

Question 1

functioning unit of the kidney, consists of a glomerulus (a filtrating unit) and a complex set of tubules with accompanying blood supply.

Answer 1

Nephron

Question 2

significant decrease in urine production is

Answer 2

oliguria;

Question 3

bsence of urine production i

Answer 3

anuria

Question 4

product released during muscle cell metabolism

Answer 4

Creatinine

Question 5

One of the most revealing tests of kidney function is also one of the simplest:

Answer 5

Urinalysis

Question 6

he rate at which substances are filtered from the blood to the urine. It is measured by the amount of creatinine (the breakdown product of creatine from muscle

Answer 6

Clearance Rate Glomerular filtration rate is the rate

Question 7

second way to assess glomeruli filtration ability.

Answer 7

Radioisotope Scanning

Question 8

measures the level of urea in blood and is used to assess glomerular function

Answer 8

blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test

Question 9

can detect differing sizes of kidneys or ureters and can differentiate between solid or cystic kidney masses.

Answer 9

Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Question 10

done to evaluate for possible vesicoureteral reflux or urethral stenosis.
examination of the bladder and ureter openings by direct examinatio

Answer 10

Cystoscopy

Question 11

involves passing a thin biopsy needle into the kidney through the skin over the kidney.

Answer 11

Renal Biopsy

Question 12

the separation and removal of solutes from body fluid by diffusion through a semipermeable membrane.

Answer 12

Dialysis

Question 13

uses the membrane of the peritoneal cavity to do this. Hemodialysis uses an outside synthetic membrane to do this.

Answer 13

Peritoneal Dialysis

Question 14

uses the membrane of the peritoneal cavity to do this. Hemodialysis uses an outside synthetic membrane to do this.

Answer 14

Peritoneal Dialysis

Question 15

Peritoneal Dialysis is usually begun when the serum creatinine level reache

Answer 15

10 mg/100 mL

Question 16

often revealed by fetal ultrasound as there is no anterior wall of the bladder and no anterior skin covering on the lower anterior abdomen.

Answer 16

Exstrophy

Question 17

Postoperative Interventions for Exstrophy

Answer 17

Position the infant on the back or in an infant chair to prevent feces from coming forward and contaminating the incision line.

Question 18

urethral defect in which the urethral opening is not at the end of the penis but on the ventral (lower) aspect of the penis.

Answer 18

Hypospadias

Question 19

similar defect in which the opening is on the dorsal surface of the penis

Answer 19

Epispadias

Question 20

Most urinary pathogens are in UTI?

Answer 20

gram-negative rods. E. coli is a frequent offender.

q

Question 21

refers to retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters because the valve that guards the entrance from the bladder to the ureter is defective

Answer 21

Vesicoureteral reflux

Question 22

enlargement of the pelvis of the kidney with urine as a result of back-pressure in the ureter

Answer 22

Hydronephrosis

Question 23

involuntary passage of urine past the age when a child should be expected to have attained bladder control

Answer 23

Enuresis

Question 24

The infant with kidney agenesis often has

Answer 24

Potter’s syndrome or accompanying misshapen, low-set ears and hypoplastic

Question 25

means that large, fluid-filled cysts have formed in place of normal kidney tissue.

Answer 25

Polycystic kidney

Question 26

reduced growth. Hypoplastic kidneys contain fewer lobes than normal kidneys and are small and underdeveloped.

Answer 26

Renal Hypoplasia

Question 27

severe urinary tract dilation that develops as early as intrauterine life from an unknown cause.

Answer 27

Prune belly syndrome

Question 28

condition is marked by the presence of three symptoms: deficiency of usual abdominal muscle tone, bilateral undescended testes, and the dilated faulty development of the bladder and upper urinary tract.

Answer 28

Prune Belly Syndrome

Question 29

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney, may occur as a separate entity but usually occurs as an immune complex disease after infection with nephritogenic streptococci

Answer 29

Glomerulonephritis

Question 30

Nursing Responsiblity for Acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 30

Diet is controversial

Salt restriction

Question 31

altered glomerular permeability due to fusion of the glomeruli membrane surfaces, causes abnormal loss of protein in urine.

Answer 31

Nephrosis,

Question 32

our characteristic symptoms of nephrotic syndrome are

Answer 32

proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia (low serum albumin level), and hyperlipidemia (increased blood lipid level).

Question 33

Children may show only urinary abnormalities such as proteinuria or may have a rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis.

Answer 33

Henoch-Schönlein Syndrome Nephritis

Question 34

an autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies and antigens cause deposits of complement in the kidney glomerulus.

Answer 34

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE

Question 35

the lining of glomerular arterioles becomes inflamed, swollen, and occluded with particles of platelets and fibrin.

Answer 35

Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome

Question 36

accumulation of nitrogen waste in the bloodstream

Answer 36

Azotemia

Question 37

extra accumulation of nitrogen wastes in the blood, with additional toxic symptoms such as cerebral irritation

Answer 37

Uremia

Question 38

loss of nephron function, kidneys cannot concentrate urine. This results in polyuria, possibly manifested as enuresis.

Answer 38

Chronic renal failure

Question 39

Children with chronic renal failure are generally placed on a

Answer 39

low-protein, low-phosphorus, low-potassium diet to prevent rapid urea and phosphate buildup.

Question 40

People who cannot donate a kidney include those with

Answer 40

multiple bilateral small renal arteries, bilateral renal disease, renal infection, advanced medical illness, severe obesity, or hypertension.

Question 41

group of antigens found on the surfaces of all cells with a nucleus, including blood components such as leukocytes and platelets.

Answer 41

Human Leukocyte Antigen Typing

Question 42

Acute transplant rejection, if it occurs, usually develops within the

Answer 42

first 3 months after transplantation.