Nursing Care of a Child With Gastrointestinal Disorder Flashcards
Common diagnostic procedures include in GI
fiberoptic endoscopy
colonoscopy, and
barium enema.
Fluid Balance
adult-infants-children
adults, body water accounts for approximately 60% of total weight. in children, it averages approximately 65% to 70%. In infants, it accounts for as much as 75% to 80% of total weight;
interstitial and the intravascular fluid together are often referred to as
extracellular fluid (ECF),
In infants, the extracellular portion is much greater, totaling up to
45% of total body weight.
ECF in n young children, this amount is
30%
ECF in adolescents
25%
Fluid is distributed in three body compartments:
intracellular (within cells), 35% to 40%
interstitial (surrounding cells and bloodstream), 20% of body weight; and
(c) intravascular (blood plasma), 5% of body weight.
treatment for vomiting is to
withhold food from the stomach for a time
To decrease vomiting, withhold food and fluid for a time (nothing by mouth [NPO]) for how many hours?
period of 3 to 6 hours
World Health Organization provides a home recipe for fluid rehydration
2 tablespoons of sugar (or honey) with 1 ⁄4 teaspoon of table salt and 1 ⁄4 teaspoon of baking soda dissolved in 1 liter (1 qt) of water.
most common viral pathogens that invade the GI tract include
rotaviruses and adenoviruses
most common bacterial pathogens include
Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, Giardia lamblia, and Clostridium difficile
All children with severe diarrhea or diarrhea that persists longer than 24 hours should have a
stool culture taken so definite antibiotic therapy can be prescribed.
For a child who will not drink, an IV solution such as
normal saline or 5% glucose in normal saline is begun
Salmonella bacteria
Incubation period:
6 to 72 hours for intraluminal type; 7 to 14 days for extraluminal type
Listeria monocytogenes
Incubation period:
1 day to more than 3 weeks
Bacterial infection of diarrhea (3)
Salmonella
Shigella
Listeria
occurs from a neuromuscular disturbance in which the gastroesophageal (cardiac) sphincter and the lower portion of the esophagus spasm and allow easy regurgitation of gastric contents into the esophagus.
Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infant
used to measure the strength of the esophageal sphincter
Esophageal manometry
traditional treatment of GI reflux is to
feed infants a formula thickened with rice cereal (1 tbsp of cereal per 1 oz of formula or breast milk) while holding them in an upright position
Irritation to the esophagus occurs when stomach contents, including hydrochloric acid, reflux through the lower esophageal sphincter and irritate the esophageal lining.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
the opening between the lower portion of the stomach and the beginning portion of the intestine, the duodenum.
pyloric sphincter
hypertrophy or hyperplasia of the muscle surrounding the sphincter occurs, it is difficult for the stomach to empty, a condition called
pyloric stenosis