NURSING CARE DURING ANTEPARTAL PERIOD Flashcards
(147 cards)
1
Q
the whole period of pregnancy and child delivery
A
PERINATAL
2
Q
pregnancy up to onset of labor
A
ANTEPARTAL
3
Q
onset of labor up to delivery
A
INTRAPARTAL
4
Q
before delivery
A
PRENATAL
5
Q
after delivery
A
POSTNATAL
6
Q
number of pregnancy
A
GRAVIDA
7
Q
number of children in viable pregnancy (20 WEELKS)
A
PARA
8
Q
- GP
- GTPALM
A
OB SCORING
9
Q
Beginning of Pregnancy
A
FERTILIZATION
10
Q
Union of ovum and spermatozoa
A
FERTILIZATION
11
Q
Occurs in the outer 3rd of fallopian tube (AMPULLA)
A
FERTILIZATION
12
Q
Spermatozoon functional life
A
48-72 hours
13
Q
critical time span during which fertilization occur is about
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72 hours
14
Q
Ovum is capable of fertilization for only
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24-48 hours
15
Q
Spermatozoa move by means of
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flagella (tails) and uterine contractions
16
Q
Sperm reach the cervix for
A
8 seconds
17
Q
Sperm reach the fallopian tube for
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5 minutes
18
Q
Final process that sperm must undergo to be ready for fertilization
A
Capacitation
19
Q
The sperm moves toward the ovum, consist of changes in the plasma membrane of the sperm head which reveals the sperm binding receptor sites
A
Capacitation
20
Q
Resulting structure of chromosomal material of the ovum and spermatozoa fuse
A
Zygote
21
Q
Fertilized ovum has_____chromosomes
A
46
22
Q
If an x-carrying spermatozoon enters the ovum, the resulting child will be______and if y-carrying, resulting child will be_____
A
female ; male
23
Q
- Maturation of both sperm & ovum
- Ability of the sperm to reach the ovum
- Ability of the sperm to penetrate the cell membrane of the ovum and achieve fertilization
A
Three factors of fertilization occurrence
24
Q
once fertilization is complete, the zygote migrates toward the body of the uterus, aided by the currents initiated by the muscular contractions of the fallopian tubes.
A
IMPLANTATION
25
Zygote reaches the uterus in
3-4 days
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Implantation occurs approximately
8-10 days after fertilization
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from ovulation to fertilization
OVUM
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from fertilization to implantation
ZYGOTE
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from implantation to 5-8 weeks
EMBRYO
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from 5-8 weeks until term
FETUS
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developing embryo or fetus and placental structure throughout pregnancy
CONCEPTUS
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amount of sperm per ejaculation
3 – 5 cc
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amount of sperm per ejaculation
3 – 5 cc
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number of sperm
50 – 130M
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ovum can be fertilized for______after ovulation
12-24 hrs
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lifespan of sperm
3 – 4 days
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time the sperm reaches the cervix
90 seconds
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first 2 weeks after fertilization (2 weeks AOG)
PRE-EMBRYONIC STAGE
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development of PRIMARY GERM LAYERS
PRE-EMBRYONIC STAGE
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1. ectoderm
2. mesoderm
3. endoderm
PRIMARY GERM LAYERS
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nervous system, skin, glands
ectoderm
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skeleton, muscles, heart, kidney, lymph cells, spleen
mesoderm
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respiratory system
endoderm
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PRE-EMBRYONIC STAGE PRODUCT
ZYGOTE
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2-8 weeks after fertilization (2 months AOG)
EMBRYONIC STAGE
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period of rapid cell division
EMBRYONIC STAGE
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highly vulnerable to teratogens, virus, radiation
EMBRYONIC STAGE
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EMBRYONIC STAGE PRODUCT
EMBRYO
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8 weeks to end of pregnancy
FETAL STAGE
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period of refinement and perfection
FETAL STAGE
50
FETAL STAGE PRODUCT
FETUS
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2 LAYERS OF FETAL MEMBRANE
1. AMNION
2. CHORION
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inner membrane that produces
the amniotic fluid.
AMNION
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outer fetal membrane
CHORION
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forms within the amniotic cavity and surrounds the embryo.
Amniotic Fluid
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protective mechanism-cushion fetus (“fetal shock absorber”) & keep temperature constant
Amniotic Fluid
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Contains fetal urine, lanugo from fetal skin
Amniotic Fluid
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Clear pale straw fluid in which the fetus floats
Amniotic Fluid
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AMNIOTIC FLUID NORMAL VOLUME
800-1200 mL
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excessive AF
POLYHYDRAMNIOS
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reduced AF
OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS
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if there is presence of meconium in AF it is called
GREEN-TINGED
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first stool of a baby
meconium
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Aids in muscular development because it allows the fetus freedom to move
Amniotic Fluid
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Protects the umbilical cord from pressure, protecting fetal oxygenation
Amniotic Fluid
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It shields against pressure or a blow to the mother’s abdomen
Amniotic Fluid
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complete by 3rd month
Placenta
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Formed by union of chorionic villi and decidua basalis
Placenta
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contains blood vessels that are connected to the fetus
chorionic villi
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the part which lies directly under the embedded ovum
decidua basalis
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fetal surface and smooth
SCHULTZ
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maternal surface and is rough
DUNCANS
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Umbilical cord is implanted in the
center of fetal surface
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contains 2 ARTERIES & 1 Vein (AVA)
Umbilical cord
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Umbilical cord is covered by
WHARTON’S JELLY
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size depends on the nutrition of the mother and shrinks once exposed in air
WHARTON’S JELLY
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Provides oxygen & removes carbon dioxide from the fetal system
Placenta
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Maintains fetal fluid & electrolytes, acid and base balance
Placenta
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Exchange takes place between mother & fetus through
DIFFUSION
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dependent upon maternal circulation
Placental function
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can cross the placental barrier
Nutrients, drugs, antibiotics and certain viruses
81
Placental transfer of maternal immunoglobulin gives the fetus
passive immunity
82
first hormone produced during fetal development
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
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detected in urine and plasma 8 -100 days AOG
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
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not present 1 -2 weeks after birth (indicator of placenta)
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
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Hormone of Women
Second hormone produced
ESTROGEN
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helps thickens endometrium
promotes development of mammary gland
ESTROGEN
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promotes uteroplacental blood flow
ESTROGEN
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Hormone of Mothers
Maintains endometrium
Reduces uterine contractility
PROGESTERONE
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produced by 6 weeks AOG
HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN (hPL)
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promotes development of mammary glands
HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN (hPL)
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carries unoxygenated blood
Vein
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carry oxygenated blood
Arteries
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shunts blood from right to left atria
Foramen Ovale
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shunts blood from pulmonary artery to aorta
Ductus Arteriosus
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bypasses fetal liver
Ductus Venosus
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bypass structures must close at
birth
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Foundations of nervous & genito-urinary systems, skin, bones & lungs form
End of 1st Month
98
Buds of arms & legs start to form
End of 1st Month
99
At end of 1st Month , fetal Length is
0.75 cm-1cm
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At end of 1st Month, fetal Weight is
400mg
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The neural tube (brain, spinal cord and other neural tissue of the central nervous system) is well formed
6 Weeks
102
The digestive tract and sensory organs begin to develop
6 Weeks
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Sex differentiation begins
6 Weeks
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At 6 Weeks, fetal Length is
2.5cm
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At 6 Weeks, fetal Weight is
20g
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Sex differentiation is completed
16 Weeks
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Heartbeat can be detected
16 Weeks
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The nervous system is starting to function
16 Weeks
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The reproductive organs and genitalia are now fully developed
16 Weeks
110
At 16 Weeks, fetal Length is
10-17cm
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At 16 Weeks, fetal Weight is
55-120g
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Lanugo covers the entire body
20 Weeks
113
Quickening occurs
20 Weeks
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Heart sounds can be auscultated
20 Weeks
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Can hear sounds
20 Weeks
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Moves often
20 Weeks
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At 20 Weeks, fetal Length is
25cm
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At 20 Weeks, fetal weight is
223g
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Vernix caseosa appears
24 Weeks
120
Eyebrows & fingernails develop
24 Weeks
121
Finger and toe prints are visible
24 Weeks
122
Responds to sounds by moving or increasing the pulse
24 Weeks
123
At 24 Weeks, fetal Length is
28-36cm
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At 24 Weeks, fetal Weight is
550g
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The like hood of fetal survival in extrauterine environment is good
28 Weeks
126
Hearing is fully developed
28 Weeks
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Changes position frequently
28 Weeks
128
Responds to stimuli, including sound, pain and light
28 Weeks
129
At 28 Weeks, fetal Length is
35-38cm
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At 28 Weeks, fetal Weight is
1,200g
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Continues to mature and develop reserves of body fat
32 Weeks
132
Brain is developing rapidly at this time
32 Weeks
133
Most internal systems are well developed, but the lungs may still be immature
32 Weeks
134
At 32 Weeks, fetal Length is
38-43cm
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At 32 Weeks, fetal Weight is
1,600g
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Lungs are nearly fully developed
36 Weeks
137
Reflexes are coordinated
36 Weeks
138
Can blink, close the eyes, turn the head, grasp firmly
36 Weeks
139
At 36 Weeks, fetal Length is
42-48cm
140
At 36 Weeks, fetal Weight is
1,800 to 2,700g (5 to 6 lb)
141
standard method used to predict the length of pregnancy
NAGELE’S RULE
142
measurement of life of fetus from the time of ovulation or fertilization
OVULATION AGE
143
measurement of length of pregnancy from the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP)
GESTATIONAL AGE (AOG)
144
Measures the fundic height (FH) in cm
Mc Donald’s Rule
145
estimates AOG by relative position of the uterus in the abdominal cavity
Bartholomew’s Rule
146
determines the length of the fetus in centimeter
Haase’s Rule
