Nursing-110 Flashcards
Unitary Man and Environment
1
Q
Development
A
the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human lifespan
2
Q
Traditional Approach
A
extensive change from birth to adolescence, but little to no change during adulthood, and a decline in old age
3
Q
Life Span Approach
A
developmental change through childhood and adulthood
4
Q
Life Span Perspective
A
development is multidimensional, multicultural, multidisciplinary, contextual, plastic, lifelong, multidirectional
5
Q
Normative Age Graded Infleunces
A
influences that are common for individuals in a particular age group
6
Q
Normative History Graded Influence
A
influences that are common for individuals in a particular generation
7
Q
NonNormative Life Events
A
unusual occurrences that have major impact on an individual’s life
8
Q
Emerging Adult
A
the developmental time frame from 18 to 25 years of age; characterized by experimentation and exploration
9
Q
Normal Aging
A
peek in middle age and then declines through early 80s
10
Q
Pathological Aging
A
individuals who show greater than average declines as they age
11
Q
Successful Aging
A
declining later in old age, positive physical, cognitive and socioemotional development is maintained longer
12
Q
Psychoanalytic Theories
A
development is primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotions; early experiences with parents are emphasized
13
Q
Freud’s Theory
A
psychosexual stages: focus of pleasure and sexual impulse which shifts from the mouth to the anus and eventually to the genitals
1. Oral-the mouth
2. Anal-the anus
3. Phallic-the penis or clitoris
4. Latency-little or no sexual motivation
5. Genitals-the penis or vagina
14
Q
Erikson’s Psychosocial theory
A
psychosocial stages: proposes eight stages of human development with each stage consisting of a unique developmental task that confront individuals with crisis that must be resolved
1. Trust vs. Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs. Shame
3. Initiative vs Guilt
4.Industry vs. Inferiority
5. Identity vs Confusion
6. Intimacy vs Isolation
7. Generatively vs. Stagnation
8. Integrity vs. despair
15
Q
Cognitive Theories
A
conscious thoughts
16
Q
Piaget’s Theory
A
children actively construct their understanding of the world through four stages:
1. sensorimotor Stage
2. Pre-operational Stage
3. Concrete Operational Stage
4. Formal Operational Stage
17
Q
Vygotsky’s Theory
A
sociocultural theory that emphasizes how culture and social interactions guide cognitive development
18
Q
Information Processing Theory
A
theory emphasizes that individuals manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it
19
Q
Behavioral and Social Cognitive Theories
A
development is observable behavior that we can learn through experiences with the environment
20
Q
Skinner’s Operant Conditioning
A
behavior followed by a reward stimulus is more likely to recur, whereas a behavior followed by a punishing stimulus is less likely to occur
21
Q
Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
A
observational learning, people cognitively represent the behaviors of others they see
22
Q
Ethological Theory
A
behavior is strongly influenced by biology
23
Q
Imprinting
A
the rapid innate learning that involves attachment ot the first moving object it sees, Lorenz believed imprinting needs to take place at a certain time called the critical period
24
Q
Ecological Theory
A
Bronfenbrenner’s environmental systems:
1. microsystem-setting in which individual lives (family, peers, school, neighborhood)
2. mesosystem- relations between microsystems (family relationships, school to church relations)
3. Exosystem- individual’s immediate context and a social setting in which the individual does not play an active role
4. Macrosystem- involves culture
5. Chronosystem- consists of the patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course
25
Electrical Theoretical Orientation
no single theory can explain all the development, every theory has contributed our understanding
26
Sex Linked Genes
X linked diseases (common in males, females carry)
27
Down Syndrome
extra chromosome
28
Klinefelter Syndrome
extra X chromosome
29
Fragile X Syndrome
a type of X linked disease
30
Turner Syndrome
missing an X chromosome, web neck
31
XYY Syndrome
extra Y chromosome
32
Cystic Fibrosis
dysfunctional mucus production
33
Diabetes
body does not produce insulin
34
hemophilia
clotting issues
35
Huntington disease
central nervous system deterioration
36
Sickle Cell Disease
does not carry enough red blood cells which thus limits body of oxygen
37
Passive Behavior Genetics
children inherit genetic tendencies and parents also provide an environment that matches theoir own genetic tendencies
38
Evocative Behavior Genetics
the children's genetic tendencies elicit stimulation from the environment that support a particular trait
39
Active Behavior Genetics
actively seek out niches in their environment
40
Prenatal Development
3 periods that last approximately 38-40 weeks:
1.Germinal Period-first two weeks after conception
2. Embryonic Period-2 to 8 weeks after conception
3. Fetal Period-2 months after conception until birth
41
Birth Defects
-tetralogy and hazards are most sensitive between 3 to 8 weeks
-Anencephaly-brain, skull, or part of the head fails to grow thus the baby dies in utero because the neural tube failed to close
-Spina Bifida-varying degrees of paralysis
42
Ultrasound Sonography
high frequency waves, 7 weeks
43
Fetal MRI
magnetic waves that looks at the body and organs
44
Chorionic Villus Sampling
10 to 12 weeks, look at tiny samples of the placenta to identify any chromosomal abnormalities
45
Amniocentesis
samples of the amniotic fluid to look for chromosomal abnormalities (15 to 18 weeks)
46
Maternal Blood Screening
16 to 18 weeks to look for neuronal defects, chromosomal and genital abnormalities
47
Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis
takes pregnant woman's blood to look at the fetal DNA to determine diseases
48
Glucose Tolerance Test
25 to 28 weeks
49
GBS (Group B Strep)
swab of the vagina and test for bacterial infection so that the baby is not affected
50
The Birth Process
Stage 1: uterine contractions 15 to 20 minuyes apart and last up to 1 minute
Stage 2: begins when the baby's head starts to move through the cervix and birth canal and ends when the baby completely emerges from the mother's body
Stage 3: after birth, unbiblical cord, placenta and other membranes are detached and expelled
51
Apgar Scale
assesses the baby after birth. A score of 0,1, or 2 is given for each of the following: heart rate, body color, reflex irritability, muscle tone, and respiratory effort
-10 is the highest score while 3 or below indicate an emergency
52
Low Birth Weight infants
low birth infants weigh less than 5 1/2 pounds at birth
53
Kangaroo Care
treatment for preterm infants that involves skin to skin contract
54
Postpartum Assessment
breast, uterus, bowls, bladder, lochia, episiotomy, Homan's sign, and emotional
55
Cephalocaudal Pattern
growth always occurs from top downward
56
Proximodistal Pattern
growth starts in the center of the body and moves toward the extremities
57
Average New Born Weight and Height
20 inches long and 7 1/2 pounds
the baby will gain 5 to 7 ounces a week
at two years old, the infant weighs 26 to 36 pounds and half their adult height
58
Shaken baby Syndrome
brain swelling and hemorrhaging
59
Infant Sleep Recommendation
16-17 hours
60
REM Sleep
eyes flutter beneath closed lids, sleep cycle begins with REM sleep in infants
61
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
a condition in which an infant stops breathing, usually during the night, and suddenly dies without any apparent cause
SIDS is the leading cause of death in infants
62
Marasmus
severe protein-calorie deficiency resulting in wasting away of body tissues
63
Kwashiorkor
severe protein deficiency that causes the abdomen and feet to swell up
64
Reflexes
Built in reactions to stimuli
65
rooting reflex
infant's cheek is stroked or the side of the mouth is touched, in response the infant turns its head to find something to suck
66
Sucking reflex
newborn autonomic sucking when an object is placed in its mouth
67
Moro/Startle Reflex
startle response that occurs in reaction to a sudden intense noise, the baby arches its back and throws its head back and flings arms
68
Grasping Reflex
baby closes their fingers; grasping tightly
69
Tonic Neck
when baby's head turns to the side it favors to see if the corresponding arm will straighten with the opposite arm bent
70
Babinsk Reflex
new born fans out toes when sole of the foot is touched
71
Infant Vision
22/40 vision
72
Object Permanence
objects continue to exist even when they can not directly be seen, heard, or touched
73
Classical Conditioning
stimulus becomes associated with a naturally occurring stimulus; the pairing of two stimuli to create a learned association
74
Operant Conditioning
behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on the consequence that follow them
75
Attention
the focusing of mental resources on selcet information
76
3 Month Child's Attention
Attention can be held for 5-10 seconds
77
Basic Cry
rhythmic, followed by a brief silence, then a shorter inspiration whistle that is somewhat high in pitch
78
Anger Cry
variation of the basic cries, loud sound, like shouting
79
Pain Cry
sudden long, initial loud cry followed by breath holding
80
Seperation Anxiety
infant's fear or wariness of strangers
81
Seperation Protest
crying when the caregiver leaves
82
Attachment Theorists
1. Freud: infants become attached to the person that provides oral satisfaction
2. Harlow: infant prefer contact over food
3.Erikson: infants will trust people who provide physical comfort and sensitive care
4. Bowlby: four phases of attachment
83
Early Childhood Physical Changes
girls have more fatty tissue than boys; boys have more muscle tissue
84
Early Childhood Brain Development
brain and head grow more rapidly than any other part of the body; some due to myelination
85
Early Childhood Recommended Sleep
10 to 13 hours
86
Narcolepsy
daytime sleepiness
87
Insomnia
difficulty in getting to sleep
88
Nightmares
scary dreams
89
Leading cause of death in Early Childhood
motor vehicle accidents, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and drowning
90
Sustained Attention
the ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period of time
91
Sensorimotor Stage
spanning from birth to 2 years old, where infants primarily learn about the world through their senses and motor actions
92
Preoperational Stage
spanning from 2 to 7, children represent the world with words, images, and drawings. Children gain the ability to mentally represent an object that is not present, and cognitions are dominated by egocentrism and magical belief
93
Childhood Egocentrism
the inability to distinguish between one's own and someone else's perspective
94
Animism
the belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action
95
Zone of Proximal Development
range of tasks that are too difficult for the child alone but that can be learned with guidance
96
Scaffolding
changing the levels of support during each teaching session
97
1. Trust vs. Mistrust
(0-18 months) infant learns to either trust their caregivers to meet their needs, developing a sense of basic trust, or to mistrust them if their needs are not met, leading to a sense of insecurity and suspicion
98
2. Autonomy vs. Shame
(2-3 years) toddlers who are encouraged to explore and do things on their own will develop autonomy, whereas those who are overly restricted will feel shame and doubt, leading to a lack of independence and confidence
99
3. Initiative vs Guilt
(3-5 years) children grapple with the desire to take initiative and explore their environment versus feeling guilt if their actions are criticized or discouraged by caregivers
100
4. Industry vs. inferiority
(6-11 years) marks the first time a child enters society beyond family. if children succeed in this stage, they can become productive and contributing members of society. if they fail, they may develop a sense of inferiority
101
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion
(12-18) adolescents grapple with questions about who they are and try to establish a sense of self, potentially experiencing confusion if they cannot solidify their identity and in stead feel like they are playing different roles without a clear sene of self
102
6. Intimacy vs. isolation
(19-40) Intimacy is the ability to be able to open up romantically and emotionally to those closest to you; those with intimacy have strong strong relationships with others. Isolation is the inability to form close relationships
103
7. Generatively vs. Stagnation
(40-65) generatively refers to making a positive impact and contributing to the world, such as through raising children, mentoring others, or engaging in meaningful work . Stagnation, represents feeling stuck and unproductive, lacking a sense of purpose
104
8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair
(65 to death) older adults grapple with either feeling satisfied with their life and accomplishments or experiencing regret and bitterness about missed opportunities, leading to despair
105
Emotion Coaching
parents monitor their children's emotions, and assist them in labeling emotions and coach them in how to deal effectively with emotions
106
Emotion Dismissing
parents view their role as to deny, ignore, or change negative emotions
107
Heteronomous Mortality
justice and rules are conceived as unchangeable properties of the world (4-7 years)
108
Transitional Phase
(7-10 years) children transitioning; have some features from the first stage and some features in the second stage
109
Autonomous Mortality
(10 years or older) children become aware that rules and laws are created by people that in judging an action they should consider the actor's intention as well as the consequences
110
Kohlberg Stages
theory that focuses on how children develop mortality and moral reasoning
111
1. pre-conventional Reasoning
individual's moral reasoning is controlled primarily by a punishment and obedience orientation. A period beginning in childhood where an individual has not yet adopted the moral principles of their society or culture. Individuals at this level judge the morality of a particular behavior or action by its consequences
112
2. conventional reasoning
individual's moral reasoning develops expectations about social roles and an understanding of the need for laws in a society
113
3. Post- Conventional Reasoning
highest level, people make decision based on their own ethical principles and values, rather than on the laws or conventions of their society
114
Authoritarian Parenting
restrictive, firm limits are placed on child and little verbal exchange is allowed
115
Authoritative Parenting
encourages children to be independent but still places limits and controls on children's actions, extensive verbal give and takes is allowed. parents are warm and nurturing toward the child
116
Neglectful Parenting
parent is uninvolved in the child's life
117
Indulgent/Permisive parenting
parents are highly involved with their children, put few demands or controls on their children. parents let their child do anything they want
118
Child Abuse
refers to both abuse and neglect of a child
119
Child Maltreatment
not only referring to abuse but also the diverse conditions that are detrimental to children
120
Child Neglect
failure to provide the child's basic needs
121
Middle to Late Childhood Physical Changes
slow, consistent growth; grow 2-3 inches a year and gain 5 to 7 pounds a year
122
Leading Cause of Death in Middle to Late Childhood
motor vehicle accidents
123
Vaccinations during Middle to Late Childhood
between 11 to 12 years of age, they will need MMR vaccination
124
Concrete Operational Stage
perform concrete operations and logical reasoning and intuiative reasoning as long as the reasoning can be applied to a specific or concrete example
125
Seriation
ordering stimulus in quantitative dimensions like length
126
Transitivity
logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions
127
self concept
domain specific
128
self efficacy
self motivation
129
Companionships freindship
friendship provides a familiar partner that is willing to spend time with us and jpin in collaborative activities
130
stimulation freindship
provides interesting information
131
Ego and support freindship
friendship provides the expectation of support and encouragement and feedback
132
Social Comparison Friendship
friendships provides information about where we stand verse others and how we are doing
133
Affection and Intimacy
friendship provides a warm close trusting relationship with another individual
134
Popular Children
frequently nominated as a best friend and are rarely disliked by peers
135
Average Children
receive average number of both positive and negative nominations from their peers
136
Neglected Children
infrequently nominated as a best friend but are not disliked by their peers
137
rejected children
infrequcnetly nominated as best friend and are actively disliked by their peers
138
Controversial children
frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being disliked
139
Puberty
occurring in adolescence; a rapid physical change
140
menarche
the first menstrual period
141
Hormones
chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream and affect other tissues
142
Corpus Colosseum
a large bundle of axon fibers that connects the brains left and right hemispheres. in adolescence, these fibers thicken which improves information processing
143
Limbic System
the region of the brain where emotions and rewards are experienced; almost completely developed by early adolescence. Amygdala is part of the limbic system that is the seat for emotions such as anger; develops earlier than the prefrontal cortex
144
Sleep during adolescents
9 hours
145
Anorexia Nervosa
relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation; an intense fear of gaining weight
146
Bulimia Nervosa
consistently follows a bing and purge eating pattern
147
binge eating disorder
frequent bing eating without the compensatory behavior like purging
148
development of sexual identity
1. managing emerging sexual feelings
2. learning skills to regulate sexual behavior to avoid undesirable consequences
3. developing new forms of intimacy
149
Sexually transmitted infections
diseases that are contracted primarily through sexual contact
150
Genital Herpes
family of viruses with different strains; involves the eruption of sores and blisters (no known cure but antiviral medication)
151
AIDS
caused by HIV which destroys the body's immune system. semen and blood are the main vehicles of transmission (no cure)
152
Genital warts
caused by papillomavirus; usually appears as small hard painless bumps in the vaginal area around the anus, can cause erectile dysfunction (tropical freezing or surgery)
153
Formal Operational Stage
think in more abstract and logical ways
154
Hypothetical Deductive Reasoning
method for proposing hypotheses and testing their validity by comparing them to observed data.
155
Adolescent Egocentrism
adolescents belief that others are interested in them as they are themselves and in adolescents sense of person uniqueness and invincibility
156
Imaginary audience
adolescents belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are
157
Personal Fable
involves a sense of uniqueness and individuality
158
Danger Invulnerability
adolescents sense of indestructibility and tendency to take on physical risk
159
Psychological invulnerability
adolescents felt invulnerability related to personal or psychological distress
160
Top Dog Phenomenon
moving from the top position in elementary school to the youngest smallest and least powerful position in middle or or junior high school
161
Psychosocial Moratorium
gap between childhood security and adult autonomy that adolescents experience as part of their identity exploration
162
Identity Diffusion
individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis or made any commitments
163
identity Foreclosure
Individuals who have made a commitment but not have yet experienced a crisis
164
identity moratorium
those who in the midst of a crisis but their commitments are absent or vaguely defines
165
Identity achievement
individuals who have experienced a crisis and have made a commitment
166
cliques
small groups that range from 5 to 6 individuals; usually the same age and same sex and often engage in similar activities
167
Crowd
larger groups, composed of individuals who share particular characteristics but they do not interact with another
168
Dating and Romantic Relationships during Adolescents
1. entry into romantic attractions and affiliations at about 11 to 13 years of age
2. exploring romantic relationships at 14 to 16 years of age
3. consolidating dyadic romantic bonds at about 17 to 19 years of age
169
Early Adulthood Physical Changes
peak functioning of the body's joints at 20 years old; leading cause of death are accidents, homicide, and suicide.
170
Early Adulthood Sleep recommendations
7-9 hours
171
Binge Drinking
5 or more drinks in a row
172
Having Drinking
15 drinks for men a week and 8 drinks for women a week
173
Pregaming
drinking alcohol before going out
174
Postformal Thought
adults think in favor of reflective, realistic, and provisional. reflective thinking deals with considering actions and figuring out what works best for each different scenario. Provisional thinking is they seek out the truth and realistic thinking is thinking that is not abstract
175
Working Memory
mental work bench, manipulate and assemble information
176
Explicit Memory
conscious memory of facts and experiences long term memory
177
episodic memory
retention of information about the where and when life's happenings happened
178
semantic knowledge
general knowledge of names, places, words
179
source memory
remember where one learned something
180
Prospective memory
remember to do something in the future
181
Rapport Talk
women prefer to establish connections and negotiating
182
Report Talk
men prefer information, public speaking, and short to the point
183
Secure Attachment Style
positive view of relationships, find it easy to get close to others
184
Avoidant Attachment Style
hesitant about getting involved; once involved then they distance themselves
185
Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love
loves includes three components or dimensions: passion- sexual attraction
intimacy- emotional feelings
commitment- maintenance
185
Anxious Attachment Style
demand closeness, less trusting and more emotional and jealous
185
Affectionate Love
a relationship marked by intimacy and commitment
186
Fatuous Love
a relationship marked by passion and commitment
187
Consummate Love
contain all three dimensions
188
Middle Adulthood physical change
changes are gradual; height is lost due to bone loss in vertebrae (men lose 1/2 inch from 30-50 and another 1/2 during 50-70; women lose 2 inches from 25-75) Weight is gained and skin appears aging
189
Sarcopenia
age related loss of lean muscle mass and strength in legs and back
190
Cholesterol in Middle Adulthood
increases and starts to build in artery walls, thickening and limiting blood flow (LDLs- bad HDLS- good)
191
Lungs during middle adulthood
less elastic protein in lungs which decreases lung capacity
192
Vision during middle adulthood
experiences sharp declines between 40-59 years; seeing in the dark and seeing close objects become harder. blind spots and harder to see color
193
Hearing during middle adulthood
start decline by the age of 40 and high pitched sounds are typically lost first
194
Brain in Middle Adulthood
shrinking and slowing
195
Sleep in middle adulthood
7-9 hours
196
Climacteric
fertility decline
197
Perimenopause
women going from having a menstrual cycle to not having a menstrual cycle completely (mood swings and hot flashes)
198
Menopause
women not having a menstrual cycle for a year
199
Hormone Replacement theory
treatment for unpleasant symptoms during menopause; consists of estrogen and progestin administered for a short time
200
Hypogonadism
not producing enough testosterone
201
Testosterone Replacement
improves sexual functioning
202
erectile dysfunction
caused by low testosterone
203
Leading cause of death in Middle Adulthood
cancer and cardiovascular disease
204
Chronic Disorders
1. Arthritis- inflammation of joints
2. Hypertensions- high blood pressure
3. Osteoporosis- loss of bone tissue
205
Crystalized Intelligence
accumulated information and verbal skills which continues to increases
206
Fluid Intelligence
reason abstractly and quickly which declines
207
Cognitive Mechanics
the neurobiological process that support basic information processing abilities such as reasoning, spatial orientation, perceptual speed, and verbal memory (fluid)
208
Cognitive Pragmatics
associated with experience and culture (crystallized)
209
Life Review
looking back at one's life, evaluating, interpreting and reinterpreting
210
Life Levinson's Seasons of a Man's Life
each stage has a task that needs to be mastered:
1. teens transition from dependence to independence
2. 20s are a novice phase of adult development
3. 30s are a time for focusing on family and career development
4. 40s stbale career and now must look foward to the kind of life they are willing to lead
211
Midlife crisis
the transition between early and middle adulthood in which a person is stuck between the past and future; coping with the idea of aging
212
Social Clock
timetable according to which individuals are expected to accomplish life's tasks
213
Fun Seeking Style
activities, friend, emotionally involved
214
Distant Figure Style
not emotionally involved, advice is given
215
Formal Style
mix of both
216
Late Adulthood
65 years or older
65-74- young old
75-84- older old
85- more oldest old
217
evolutionary Theory
natural selection has not eliminated many harmful conditions and non adaptive characteristics min older adults
218
Hormonal stress theory
as the hormonal system in the body ages, the lower the resistance to stress becomes and increased probability of illness
219
Cellular Clock Theory
cells become less capable of dividing
220
Free Radical Theory
microbiological theory; cell produce a unstable oxygen molecule that damage DNA and other structures
221
Mitochondrial Theory
decay of the mitochondria
222
Late adulthood physical change
weight is usually dropped; men lose 1/2 in while women drop 2 in in height
cardiovascular disease increases and lung capacity decreases (diaphragm strengthening)
223
Vaccinations during Late Adulthood
the flu vaccinations every year and after 65, pneumonia vaccination is required every 5 to 7 years
224
Brain during Late adulthood
the brain shrinks; the prefrontal cortex is one area that shrinks with aging and changes of corpus colosseum
225
Dementia
overarching term, global term for neurological disorders that consist of the deterioration of mental functioning
226
Alzheimer Disease
gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language and eventually physical function
Cholinerase: inhibitors and other drugs slow down the progression the disease by increasing the production of acetylcholine in the brain
227
Mild Cognitive Impairment
recognized as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. represents transitional stage between the cognitive changes of normal aging and very early stages of Alzheimer's disease
not every MCI diagnosis has Alzhiemer's disease
228
Parkinson's Disease
characterized by muscle tremors, slowing of movement, and facial paralysis which is triggered by the decline of dopamine
treatments include administrating drugs that enhance the drug L-Dopa and deep brain stimulation which involves implanting motor function for up to 10 years
229
Vision in Late Adulthood
decline in vision and adaptation to dark and driving at night becomes harder.
230
Cataracts
thickening of the lens of the eye that causes the vision to be cloudy, opaque, and distorted
treated with laser eye surgery
231
Glaucoma
damage to the optic nerve because the pressure created by a buildup of fluid in the eye
eye drops can help
232
Macular Degeneration
deterioration of the macula of the retina, thus one can see peripheral but can not see in front of them
laser eye surgery or stem cells can help
leading cause of blindness
233
Hearing during Late Adulthood
hearing impairments increases but can be helped with hearing aid and cochlear implants
234
Touch and Pain in Late adulthood
slight decline in touch sensitivity and sensitivity to pain which is why some injuries are masked causing older people to not get treatment right away
235
Sleep during Late Adulthood
7-8 hours
236
Tip of the tongue Phenomenon
confident that they can remember something but just can not quite seem to retrieve it from memory
237
Reminiscence Therapy
discussing past activities and experiences with another individual or group
238
Socioemotional Selective theory
older adults become more selective about their social networks
older adults will choose close friends over new friends
239
disengagement theory
older adults gradually withdraw from society
240
Active Theory
the more active and involved, the more satisfied with their lives they will be
241
Ageism
prejudice against someone because their age
self esteem declines significantly
242
Death System
helps members of a societal group identify death and know how to respond to that death: people, places, contexts, times that memorialize death; objects and symbols
243
Euthanasia
is the act of painlessly ending a terminal or severely disabled patient's life to prevent suffering
244
Active Euthanasia
actively giving a patient a lethal dose of a medication to end a patient's life
245
Passive Euthanasia
allowing death to occur by withholding treatment that might keep the patient alive
taking of a ventilator
246
Palliative Care
any stage of serious illness, can be combined with treatments aimed ay curing an illness, and broader and includes all stages of disease management
247
Hospice Care
end of life care for patients with a prognosis of six months or less to live; exclusively focuses on comfort, not curative treatment and specific type of palliative care for the terminal phase of an illness
248
Leading Cause of Death in Middle to Late Adulthood
chronic disease
249
Attitudes toward death
1. children: honesty
2. Adolescents: glossed over or kidded about
3.Adulthood: dread and fear of death
4. Oler Adults: forced to face their own mortality
250
NJ POLST
practitioner order for life sustaining treatment
251
Kubler Ross Stages of Dying
1. denial
2. anger
3. bargaining
4. depression
5. acceptance
252
Grieving
psychological and physiological response to the death of a close person
253
Complicated Grief
different in terms of duration, intensity, and or disruption of function criteria; exceeds the typical amount of time (6 to 12 months) that individual's need to recover from a loss
254
Stigmatized Grief (Disenfranchised)
can be isolating, individual's grief that is socially ambiguous and can not be open
255
Life Expectance
79 years of age
256
Pessimists
a person who tends to see the worst aspect of thins or believe that the worst will happen
257
Narcissits
a person who has an excessive interest in or admiration of themselves
258
Cohabitating Parents
living together in an intimate and committed relationship; but not married to each other
259
Matching Hypothesis
claims that people are more likely to form a committed relationship with someone equally attractive
