Nurse Theories Flashcards
Sister Callista Roy- Roy Adaption Model
Viewed people as adaptive systems. 1. physiological-physical system. 2. the self-concept group identity system. 3. the role mastery/function system. 4. the inter-dependency system.
Betty Neuman- Neuman Systems Model
Views client as holistic. Client’s relationship to stress, reaction to it, and reconstitution factors that are dynamic and changing. Three levels of prevention: Primary (protects normal lines and strengthen defense), secondary (strengthen internal resistance), tertiary (readapts, stabilizes, and protects).
Dorothea Orem- Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory
Individuals should be self-reliant and responsible for own care. Self care is primary component of primary prevention and ill health. Activities to maintain life, health and well-being. Nursing is needed when individual is unable or limited in the ability to provide continuous and effective care.
Helen Erickson, Evelyn Tomlin, and Mary Ann Swain- Theory of Modeling and Role Modeling (MRM)
- Build trust. 2. to promote positive orientation. 3. to promote perceived control. 4. to promote strengths. 5. to set mutual goals that are health directed. (Modeling to role modeling) interpersonal and interactive relationship with client. facilitation, nuturance, and unconditional acceptance. Holistic being. Whole is greater than the sum parts.
Barbara Dossey- Theory of Integral Nursing (TIN)
Healing is the core. Meta-paradigm in nursing and patterns of knowing. 4 integral perspectives of human experience and reality: 1. individual interior 2. individual exterior 3. collective interior 3. collective exterior All of these important. Nurse to consider and comprehend the complexity of human experience
Martha Rogers- Theory of Science of Unitary Human Beings
Wholeness of life. Pan-dimensional and transcendent view of humans as ever evolving energy fields. Nurses encourage to not be stuck in present reality, but to look forward and envision how life might be in a universe where there is continuous change.
Rsemarie Rizzo Parse- Theory of Human Becoming
Person to be viewed as a unitary whole. Nurses serve as guides to assist others in making choices affecting personal commitment, and unfolding, a process related to lived experiences. Environment is universe. The human-universe is inseparable and evolving as one. “PRESENCE”
Margeret Newman- Health as Expanding Consciousness Theory
Health and illness is a single process moving through varying degrees of organization and disorganization, but are all one unitary process. Becoming attuned to one’s pattern of interaction and to recognize that it is one of expanding consciousness. Nurse enters into partnership with client with the mutual goal of participating in an authentic relationship, trusting that the process of evolving, both will grow and become healthier in the sense of higher levels of consciousness.
Richard Cowling- Unitary Knowing in Nursing Practice
Unitary picture of reality. The use of experience, perceptions, and expressions which encompasses the use of experience, perceptions, and expressions as the source of pattern information.
Madeleine Leininger- Theory of Transcultural Nursing
Cultural environmental holistic assessment: cultural values, beliefs, and practices; religious, philosophical, or spiritual beliefs; economic factors; and educational beliefs. Emphasis on way individuals relate to health, wellbeing, illness, and death in different contexts and cultures.
Jean Watson- Theory of Transpersonal Caring/Unitary Caring Science
Relationship between two beings as fundamental for nursing practice: it must never be diminished or lost. Nursing: based on human caring which is morally imperative. Caring and loving are primal energetic forces. Transpersonal caring allows humanity to grow towards greater harmony, spiritual evolution, and perfection. Depends on: 1. moral commitment to human dignity 2. the nurse’s intent and will to affirm the subjective significance to other. 3. the nurse’s ability to detect feelings. 4. the nurse’s ability to feel union to another. 5. the nurse’s own history.
Hildegard Peplau- Theory of Interpersonal Relations
Focuses on the phases of the interpersonal process that occur when an ill person and a nurse comes together to resolve a health-related difficulty. Concepts: Nursing, person, health, environment, and process to better understand nurse-patient interractive phenomena.
Elisabeth Barrett- Knowing Participation in Change Theory
Power is the capacity to participate knowingly in the nature of change characterizing the continuous mutual process of people and their world. Being aware of what one is choosing to do, feeling free to do it, and doing it intentionally. Power is inherently value free. Observable, measurable dimension of power: awareness, choices, freedom to act intentionally, and involvement in creating change. Power varies based on changing nature of human-environment. Changes indicate: 1. nature of awareness of experience. 2. type of choices made. 3. the degree to which freedom to act intentionally is operating 4. the manner of involvement in creating specific groups
Merle H Mishel- Theory of Uncertainty in Illness (UIT)
Uncertainty Exits in illness situations that are ambiguous, complex, unpredictable, or when information is unavailable or inconsistent. Individual cannot adequately structure or categorize an illness event due to insufficient cues. RUIT theory Adds concept of self-organization and probablastic thinking. Reducing uncertainty directly and indirectly. If unfamiliar with healthcare environment, organization, and expectations, then higher degrees of uncertainty.
Marlaine Smith- Theory of Unitary Caring
Caring was a multidimensional concept that assumed multiple meanings depending on framework within which was situated or the lens from which it was view. Concepts: 1. manifesting intentions 2. appreciating pattern. 3. attuning to dynamic flow. 4. experience the infinite. 5. inviting creature emergence.
