Nurse-Patient Relationship

Question 1

Mental Status Exam (MSE)

Answer 1

Comprehensive exam of a persons mental status
Components:
- appearance
- behavior/attitude
- speech
- affect
- mood
- thought process
- thought content
- cognition

Question 2

Echopraxia

Answer 2

Repeating movements that are observed

Question 3

Waxy flexibility

Answer 3

Passive yielding of all movable parts of the body to any effort made at placing them in certain positions

Question 4

Posturing

Answer 4

Voluntary assumption of inappropriate or bizarre postures

Question 5

Pacing and rocking

Answer 5

Pacing back and forth and rocking the body

Question 6

Neologisms

Answer 6

Made-up words that have meaning only to the person who invents them

Question 7

Echolalia

Answer 7

Repeating of words or phrases spoken by someone else “echo”

Question 8

Clang associations

Answer 8

Choice of words governed by sounds (often rhyming)

Question 9

Word salad

Answer 9

Group of words put together in a random fashion

Question 10

Circumstantiality

Answer 10

Delay in reaching the point of communication because of unnecessary and tedious details

Question 11

Tangentiality

Answer 11

Unable to get to the point of communication due to the introduction of many new topics

Question 12

Loose association

Answer 12

Shift of ideas from one unrelated topic to another. More severe than tangential.

Question 13

Perseveration

Answer 13

Persistent repetition of the same word or idea in response to different questions

Question 14

Mutism

Answer 14

Inability to speak

Question 15

Perceptions

Answer 15

Interpretation of stimuli through senses

Question 16

Illusions

Answer 16

Misperceptions of real external stimuli

Question 17

Delusions

Answer 17

Fixed false beliefs that are irrational and that the individual maintains as true despite evidence to the contrary

Question 18

Psychiatric assessment

Answer 18

Orientation to time
Orientation to place
Attention and immediate recall of 3 words
Abstract thinking
Recent memory 3 words again
Name objects
Ability to follow verbal command
Ability to follow written command
Ability to use language correctly
Ability to concentrate
Understanding spatial relationships: draw a clock

Question 19

Case management

Answer 19

A health delivery process whose goals are to provide quality healthcare, decrease fragmentation, enhance the clients quality of life, and contain costs

Question 20

Managed care

Answer 20

A concept designed to control the balance between cost and quality of care. Individuals receive care based on need, which is determined by coordinators of the providership

Question 21

Case manager

Answer 21

The individual responsible for negotiating with multiple healthcare providers to obtain a variety of service for for the client

Question 22

Critical pathways of care

Answer 22

CPC
The tools for provision of care in a case management system
Determine which categories of care will be provided and when

Question 23

Milieu therapy

Answer 23

Therapeutic community
Scientific structuring of the environment to effect behaviors changes and to improve the psychological health and functioning of the individual
- adaptive coping
- interaction and relationship skills
- utilize these skills that can be generalized to other aspects of his or her life

Question 24

Group

Answer 24

A collection of individuals whose association is founded on shared commonalities of interest, values, norms, or purpose
Can be:
- by chance
- by choice
- by circumstance

Question 25

Socialization

Answer 25

The teaching of social norms occurs through group interaction

Question 26

Support

Answer 26

Fellow group members are available in times of need

Question 27

Camaraderie

Answer 27

Individuals receive joy and pleasure from interactions with significant others

Question 28

Normative influence

Answer 28

Different groups enforce established norms in various ways

Question 29

Empowerment

Answer 29

Change can be made by groups at times when individuals alone are ineffective

Question 30

Task groups

Answer 30

Groups are formed to accomplish a specific outcome or task

Question 31

Teaching groups

Answer 31

The focus is to convey knowledge and information to several individuals

Question 32

Supportive and therapeutic groups

Answer 32

The primary concern is to prevent possible future upsets by teaching the participants effective ways of dealing with emotional stress arising from situational or developmental crises

Question 33

Group therapy

Answer 33

Has a sound theoretical base and leaders generally have advanced degrees in psychology, social work, nursing, or medicine

Question 34

Therapeutic groups

Answer 34

Are based on lesser extent on theory. The focus is on group relations, interactions amount group members, and consideration of a selected issue

Question 35

Self-help groups

Answer 35

Composed of individuals with a similar problem Serve to reduce the possibilities of further emotional distress leading to pathology and necessary treatment May or may not have professional leader; run by members; leadership often rotates person to person;

Question 36

Seating in group dynamics

Answer 36

Best when there is no barrier between the members

Question 37

Size of group dynamics

Answer 37

Size makes a difference in the interaction amount members; 7 or 8 members provide a favorable climate for optimal group interaction

Question 38

Open ended groups

Answer 38

Members leave and others join at any time during the existence of the group

Question 39

Closed ended groups

Answer 39

All members join at the time the group is organized and terminate membership at the end of a designated period

Question 40

Groups installation of hope

Answer 40

By observing the progress of others in the group with similar problems, a group member garners hope that his/her problems can also be resolved

Question 41

Universality

Answer 41

Individuals come to realize that they are not alone in the problems, thoughts, and feelings they are experiencing

Question 42

Imparting of information

Answer 42

Group members share their knowledge with each other. Leaders also provide information

Question 43

Group Altruism

Answer 43

Individuals provide assistance and support to each other, thereby helping to create a positive self-image and promote self growth

Question 44

Corrective recapitulation of the primary family group

Answer 44

Group members re experience early family conflicts that remain unresolved

Question 45

Catharsis

Answer 45

Within the group, members are able to express both positive and negative feeling

Question 46

Phases of group development

Answer 46

Phase I: Orientation - establish rules and goals - promotes trust Phase II: Working - work toward completion of task - leader role diminishes - trust established Phase III: Termination - sense of loss and grief to the end of the group - grief from previous losses can be triggered

Question 47

Autocratic leadership

Answer 47

Focus is on the leader, on whom the members are dependent for problem solving, decision making, and permission to perform Production is high, morale is low

Question 48

Democratic leadership

Answer 48

- focus is on members, who are encouraged to participate fully in problem-solving of group issues, including taking action to effect change Production is somewhat lower, but morale is much higher

Question 49

Laissez-faire leadership

Answer 49

There is no focus in this type of leadership Goals are undefined and members do as they please Productivity and morale are low

Question 50

Psychodrama

Answer 50

Group therapy that employs a dramatic approach Clients become actors in life-situation scenarios An identified client is selected to portray a life situation Other members play roles of people with whom the client has unresolved issues with Basically role playing

Question 51

Family therapy

Answer 51

Family is viewed as a system in which the members are interdependent Goal is to facilitate a system change rather than focus on any one individual as the one in need of treatment

Question 52

Crisis

Answer 52

A sudden event in ones life, during which usual coping mechanisms cannot resolve the problem the crisis disturbs homeostasis

Question 53

Characteristics of crisis

Answer 53

- not necessarily equated with psychopathology - crises are precipitated by specific, identifiable events - personal - acute, not chronic, and resolved in one way or another - contains the potential for growth or deterioration

Question 54

Phases of a crisis

Answer 54

Individual is exposed to a precepitating stressor When previous problem solving techniques do not relieve the stressor, anxiety increases further All possible resources, both internal and external, are called on to resolve the problem and relieve the discomfort

Question 55

Whether or not a stressful event results in a crisis depends on

Answer 55

The individuals perception of the event The availability of situational supports The availability of adequate coping mechanisms

Question 56

Dispositional crisis

Answer 56

An acute response to an external. Situational stressor

Question 57

Crisis of anticipated life transitions

Answer 57

Normal life-cycle transition that may be anticipated but over which the individual may feel a lack of control

Question 58

Crisis from traumatic stress

Answer 58

Precipitated by an unexpected, external stressor over which the individual has little or no control, and from which he or she feels emotionally overwhelmed and defeated

Question 59

Maturational/developmental crisis

Answer 59

Occurs in response to a situation that triggers emotions related to unresolved conflicts in ones life

Question 60

Crisis reflecting psychopathology

Answer 60

An emotional crisis in which preexisting psychopathology has been instrumental in precipitating the crisis or in which psychopathology significantly impairs or complicates adaptive resolution - personality disorders, anxiety, bipolar, schizophrenia

Question 61

Psychiatric emergency

Answer 61

A crisis in which general functioning has been severely impaired and the individual is rendered incompetent or unable to assume personal responsibility - suicide, OD, acute psychoses, uncontrollable anger, alcohol intoxication

Question 62

Crisis intervention

Answer 62

The minimum therapeutic goal of crisis intervention os psychological resolution of the individuals immediate crisis and restoration to at least the level of functioning that existed before the crisis period

Question 63

Disaster nursing

Answer 63

A common feature of disasters is that they overwhelm local resources and threaten the function and safety of the community Disasters leave victims with a damaged sense of safety and well-being and varying amounts of emotional trauma Grieving is normal