NURS200 CH 1 NURSING TODAY Flashcards
•Nurses:
- –Respond to needs of patients
- –Actively participate in policy
- –Respond and adapt to challenges
- –Make clinical judgments and decisions about patients’ health care needs based on knowledge, experience, and standards of care
•Nursing:
- –Care is provided according to standards of practice and a code of ethics.
•. We have a strong organization (_______________________) and strong lobbyists who propose legislation to care for our patients.
American Nurses Association
what are the Six standards of practice?
- –Assessment
- –Diagnosis
- –Outcomes identification
- –Planning
- –Implementation
- –Evaluation
Assessment:
The registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to the patient’s health and/or the situation.
Diagnosis:
The registered nurse analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues.
Outcomes Identification:
The registered nurse identifies expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the patient or the situation.
Planning:
The registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcomes.
Implementation:
The registered nurse implements the identified plan.
5a Coordination of Care: The registered nurse coordinates care delivery.
5b Health Teaching and Health Promotion: The registered nurse uses strategies to promote health and a safe environment.
5c Consultation: The graduate level–prepared specialty nurse or advanced practice registered nurse provides consultation to influence the identified plan, enhance the abilities of others, and effect change.
5d Prescriptive authority and treatment: The advanced practice registered nurse uses prescriptive authority, procedures, referrals, treatment, and therapies in accordance with state and federal laws and regulations.
Evaluation:
The registered nurse evaluates progress toward attainment of outcomes.
who was Florence Nightingale?
- First practicing epidemiologist
- Organized first school of nursing
- Improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals
- Her practices remain a basic part of nursing today.
more about Florence Nightingale
- Florence Nightingale believed that the role of nurses was to help the body recover, and then remain free, from disease.
- Nightingale was the first practicing epidemiologist. She used her keen mind and statistical analysis to show the connection between poor sanitation and diseases like cholera and dysentery.
- In 1860, Florence organized the first school of nursing, the Nightingale Training School for Nurses, at St. Thomas’ Hospital in London.
- Known as the Lady with the Lamp, Nightingale crossed the battlefields of the Crimean War with her lantern. By improving sanitation in battlefield hospitals, she showed how effective fresh air, hygiene, and nutrition were in the treatment of wounded soldiers.
- The practices she advocated remain a basic part of nursing care in the twenty-first century.
•The growth of nursing in the United States:
- The Civil War, fought from 1861 to 1865, made nursing a necessity. Clara Barton (Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross.) tended to soldiers on the battlefield.
- Dorothea Lynde Dix was the supervisor of female nurses in the Union Army.
- Mother Bickerdyke organized ambulance service, supervised nurses, and searched for abandoned, wounded soldiers on the battlefield.
- Harriet Tubman was a prominent female in the Underground Railroad movement to free slaves.
- Mary Mahoney was the first professionally educated African-American. She may be one of the first proponents of better relationships between cultures and races and respect for individuals regardless of background, race, color, or religion.
- Isabel Hampton Robb helped found the American Nurses Association in 1911. She was an influential author with the following titles:
- Nursing: Its Principles and Practice for Hospital and Private Use; Nursing Ethics; and Educational Standards for Nurses. She was one of the original founders of the American Journal of Nursing.
- In 1893, nursing expanded in the community owing to the influence of Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster. Nurses working in the settlement they established were some of the first to demonstrate autonomy in practice because they frequently encountered situations that required quick and innovative problem solving and critical thinking without the supervision or direction of a health care provider.
Movement toward scientific, research-based practice and defined body of knowledge
- 1901: Army Nurse Corps established
- 1906: Mary Adelaide Nutting, first professor of nursing at Columbia University
- 1908: Navy Nurse Corps established
- 1920-1923: Study of nursing education
- 1940s and 1950s: Associations emerged
- 1970: Emergency Room Nurses Organization
Changes in society lead to changes in nursing:
–Health care reform
–Demographic changes
–Medically underserved
–Threat of bioterrorism
–Rising health care costs
–Nursing shortage
