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ABSN > NUR 326 exam 1b > Flashcards

NUR 326 exam 1b Flashcards

1
Q

pneumocystis carini pneumonia

A

related to immune suppression (hiv, transplant)
yeast-like fungus

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2
Q

mycoplasma

A

walking pneumonia
mild pna (persistent cough, headache, earache)
organism is between virus and bacteria

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3
Q

legionella

A

gram negative
spreads via water systems (air conditioners, mists on produce, hot tubs)

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4
Q

aspergillus

A

fungal pna
walls of old buildings, reconstruction, stored grain, dead leaves, compost
affects lung tissue

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5
Q

pcv13

A

vaccine preventing pneumococcal pneumonia

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6
Q

ppsv23

A

vaccine preventing additional types of pna bacteria

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7
Q

staphylococcus aureus

A

most common cause of gram + HAP
usually mrsa
usually enters through blood stream and travels to lungs

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8
Q

streptococcus pneumoniae

A

most common cause of CAP
pneumococcal pneumonia
sputum usually brown or rusty

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9
Q

common gram - pna organisms

A

pseudomonas, aceinetobacter

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10
Q

macrocytic - normochromic

A

B12 and folate deficiency

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11
Q

microcytic - hypochromic

A

iron deficiency

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12
Q

normocytic - normochromic anemia

A

blood loss, sickle cell, aplastic

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13
Q

iron deficiency anemia lab

A

mcv decreased

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14
Q

B12 or folate deficiency anemia lab value

A

mcv increased

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15
Q

iron deficiency symptoms

A

mouth changes
spoon nails
pica

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16
Q

b12 deficiency anemia symptoms

A

neuropathy
ataxia (difficulty walking)
glossitis
dementia/psychosis

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17
Q

hemolytic anemia symptoms

A

low hemoglobin
increased reticulocyte count (immature rbcs)
mild jaundice

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18
Q

sickle cell anemia symptoms

A

swelling of hands and feet (from occluded blood vessels)
painful episodes

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19
Q

sickle cell crisis triggers

A

dehydration
stress
high altitudes
fever
extreme temperatures

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20
Q

sickle cell treatment

A

hydroxyurea (antimetabolite drug)

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21
Q

thalassemia symptoms

A

delayed growth
fatigue
dyspnea
hepatomegaly
splenomegaly
bone deformities
jaundice

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22
Q

diphenhydramine class

A

sedating antihistamine

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23
Q

diphenhydramine indications

A

allergic reactions (mild, anaphylaxis)
motion sickness

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24
Q

diphenhydramine se

A

dry up body (constipation, dry mouth)
drowsiness / dizziness

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25
Q

diphenhydramine nursing considerations

A

avoid driving or operating machinery

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26
Q

non-sedating antihistamines

A

loratadine
fexofenadine
cetirizine

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27
Q

non-sedating antihistamines indication

A

allergic rhinitis
chronic idiopathic urticaria

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28
Q

antihistamine moa

A

bind to HI receptors and block histamine release
mild cholinergic

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29
Q

sympathomimetics

A

phenylephrine
pseudoephedrine

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30
Q

sympathomimetics moa

A

mimic sns
activate a1-adrenergic receptors
constricts nasal blood vessels

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31
Q

sympathomimetics indications

A

reduce nasal congestion

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32
Q

sympathomimetics se

A

cns stimulation (agitation, insomnia, anxiety, tachycardia)

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33
Q

sympathomimetics time limit

A

take for no more than 4 days (rebound congestion)

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34
Q

pseudoephedrine

A

potential for abuse

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35
Q

antitussives

A

dextromethorphan
codeine
benzoatate

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36
Q

antitussive moa

A

directly suppresses cough reflex in the brain

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37
Q

antitussive indications

A

chronic or acute cough

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38
Q

antitussive se

A

cns depression

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39
Q

antitussives nursing considerations

A

potential for abuse

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40
Q

guaifenesin class

A

expectorant

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41
Q

guaifenesin moa

A

reduces surface tension of secretions

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42
Q

guaifenesin indication

A

decrease mucus in colds or bronchitis

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43
Q

guaifenesin se

A

mild gi distress

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44
Q

guaifenesin nursing considerations

A

encourage hydration for secretion thinning

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45
Q

acetylcysteine class

A

mycolytics

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46
Q

acetylcysteine moa

A

decreases mucus viscosity

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47
Q

acetylcysteine indications

A

bronchopulmonary disease
cystic fibrosis

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48
Q

acetylcysteine se

A

bronchospasm

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49
Q

short acting beta-adrenergic agonists

A

albuterol
levalbuterol

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50
Q

beta-adrenergic agonists moa

A

mimic action of sns
stimulate beta-2 adrenergic receptors to relax and dilate airways

51
Q

albuterol indication

A

rescue
prevention of exercise induced asthma

52
Q

beta-adrenergic agonists contraindication

A

uncontrolled HTN
cardiac dysrhythmia
high stroke risk

53
Q

beta-adrenergic agonists se

A

hypertension / hypotension
insomnia / restlessness
cardiac stimulation

54
Q

beta-adrenergic agonists nursing considerations

A

diminish effects of beta blockers
increase blood sugar

55
Q

why inhalers

A

minimize systemic effects

56
Q

albuterol time dosed

A

inhaled every 4-6 hours

57
Q

salmetrol time dosed

A

inhaled every 12 hours

58
Q

salmetrol always given with

A

inhaled corticosteroid

59
Q

salmetrol indication

A

prevention
copd bronchospasm

60
Q

long acting beta-adrenergic agonist

A

salmetrol
formoterol

61
Q

ipratroprium class

A

anticholinergic

62
Q

ipratroprium moa

A

blocks action of acetylcholine
causes bronchodilation

63
Q

ipratroprium indication

A

copd prophylaxis

64
Q

ipratroprium se

A

dry as a bone
hot as a hare
blind as a bat
red as a beet
mad as a hatter

65
Q

xanthine derivatives

A

theophylline
aminophylline

66
Q

xanthine derivatives moa

A

inhibits phosphodiesterase
increase cAMP
stimulates cns

67
Q

xanthine derivatives indication

A

2nd line treatment to prevent copd exacerbation

68
Q

xanthine derivatives se

A

toxicity
n/v, lack of appetite
lots of contraindications

69
Q

xanthine derivatives nursing considerations

A

narrow therapeutic index (monitor)
avoid caffeine
lots of drug interactions

70
Q

leukotriene receptor agonist

A

montelukast
zafirlukast

71
Q

LTRA moa

A

prevent leukotrienes from attaching to immune cells in the lungs
prevents inflammation

72
Q

LTRA indication

A

prophylaxis and treatment of non emergent asthma

73
Q

LTRA se

A

headache
n/d
dizziness

74
Q

inhaled corticosteroids

A

beclomethasone diproprionate
budesonide
fluticasone

75
Q

inhaled corticosteroids moa

A

reduce inflammation
enhance beta agonist activity

76
Q

inhaled corticosteroids indication

A

prevention of copd

77
Q

inhaled corticosteroids se

A

pharyngeal irritation (rinse mouth)

78
Q

inhaled corticosteroids nursing consideration

A

take bronchodilator 1st

79
Q

cromolyn class

A

mast cell stabilizer

80
Q

cromolyn moa

A

stabilize mast cell membranes
prevent release of bronchorestrictive inflammation

81
Q

cromolyn indicaiton

A

prevention of asthma attack (15 min before known trigger)

82
Q

omalizumab class

A

monoclonal antibody anti asthmatic

83
Q

omalizumab moa

A

limits release of mediators of allergic response

84
Q

omalizumab se

A

anaphylaxis (monitor closely)

85
Q

roflumilast class

A

pde-4 inhibitor

86
Q

roflumilast moa

A

binds to pde-4 in lungs
lows inflammation

87
Q

roflumilast indication

A

prevents copd exacerbation

88
Q

roflumilast se

A

n/v/d
spasms/tremors

89
Q

isoniazid moa

A

disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis

90
Q

isoniazid indication

91
Q

isoniazid se

A

peripheral neuropathy
hepatotoxicity
vision changes
hyperglycemia

92
Q

isoniazid bbw

A

risk of hepatitis

93
Q

isoniazid nursing considerations

A

monitor liver enzymes
avoid antacids

94
Q

rifampin moa

A

attack hydrocarbon ring structure
inhibiting protein synthesis

95
Q

rifampin indication

A

myobacterial infections

96
Q

rifampin se

A

hepatitis
hematologic disorders
re-brown body fluids

97
Q

rifampin nursing considerations

A

lots of drug interactions
tell HCP if on this

98
Q

ethambutol moa

A

suppress rna and protein synthesis

99
Q

ethambutol se

A

visual changes

100
Q

ethambutol age

A

not for children under 13

101
Q

pyrazinamide moa

102
Q

pyrazinamide se

A

hepatotoxicity
hyperuricemia

103
Q

pyrazinamide contraindications

A

hepatic disease
acute gout
pregnancy

104
Q

streptomycin moa

A

interfere with normal protein synthesis

105
Q

streptomycin se

A

ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity
blood dyscraias

106
Q

streptomycin nursing considerations

A

can increase bleeding with anticoagulants

107
Q

oral iron supplement

A

ferrous sulfate

108
Q

parenteral iron

A

iron dextran

109
Q

iron therapy indications

A

iron deficient anemia
blood loss

110
Q

iron dextran bbw

A

allergic reaction (have epi ready)

111
Q

iron therapy se

A

gi upset
metallic taste
stain teeth
overdose in children
dark stool

112
Q

iron therapy drug interactions

A

decreased absorption with antacids
increased absorption with vitamin c

113
Q

iron therapy nursing consideration

A

best absorbed on empty stomach

114
Q

deferoxamine

A

treats iron toxicity

115
Q

cyanocobalamin moa

A

b12 replacement

116
Q

cyanocobalamin indication

A

b12 anemia

117
Q

epoetin alfa class

A

erythropoietin stimulating agent

118
Q

epoetin alfa moa

A

stimulates erythropoietin
increases hemoglobin and reticulocyte counts

119
Q

epoetin alfa indication

A

anemia with chronic kidney disease

120
Q

epoetin alfa se

A

polycythemia (hypertension / CV event)
cancer progression

121
Q

epoetin alfa contraindications

A

uncontrolled htn

122
Q

epoetin alfa bbw

A

cv risk (stroke, mi)

123
Q

epoetin alfa parameters

A

ONLY if hemoglobin <10 OR on dialysis
monitor levels weekly so not above 11

ABSN (7 decks)

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